{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2346576370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iww010","title":"From Empathy to Care: A Feminist Care Ethics Perspective on Long-Term Researcher\u2013Participant Relations","display_name":"From Empathy to Care: A Feminist Care Ethics Perspective on Long-Term Researcher\u2013Participant Relations","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2346576370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iww010","mag":"2346576370"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/iwc/iww010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iww010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23117883","display_name":"Interacting with Computers","issn_l":"0953-5438","issn":["0953-5438","1873-7951"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interacting with Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071290457","display_name":"Austin L. Toombs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3418-0065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Austin Toombs","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, 919 E 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47408, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, 919 E 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47408, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112236199","display_name":"Shad Gross","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shad Gross","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, 919 E 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47408, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, 919 E 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47408, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027521165","display_name":"Shaowen Bardzell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7596-9244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaowen Bardzell","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, 919 E 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47408, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, 919 E 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47408, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045403710","display_name":"Jeffrey Bardzell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6864-6065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey Bardzell","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, 919 E 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47408, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, 919 E 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47408, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071290457"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"],"apc_list":{"value":2635,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3232},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4682,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94444444,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"1","first_page":"45","last_page":"57"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14074","display_name":"Persona Design and Applications","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11944","display_name":"Participatory Visual Research Methods","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.6398263573646545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflexivity","display_name":"Reflexivity","score":0.6344820261001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clarity","display_name":"CLARITY","score":0.6068937182426453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empathy","display_name":"Empathy","score":0.5470018982887268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethics-of-care","display_name":"Ethics of care","score":0.5081772804260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/care-perspective","display_name":"Care perspective","score":0.5063499212265015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-ethics","display_name":"Research ethics","score":0.505172073841095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.49199721217155457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-research","display_name":"Qualitative research","score":0.46948012709617615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subject","display_name":"Subject (documents)","score":0.4581768214702606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4166976809501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.38006529211997986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpersonal-relationship","display_name":"Interpersonal relationship","score":0.37157320976257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3258722424507141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.24460169672966003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.12829971313476562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.09347695112228394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6398263573646545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13200473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2747831","display_name":"Reflexivity","level":2,"score":0.6344820261001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777146004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14949826","display_name":"CLARITY","level":2,"score":0.6068937182426453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182263","display_name":"Empathy","level":2,"score":0.5470018982887268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775877427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1035845","display_name":"Ethics of care","level":2,"score":0.5081772804260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61997241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5038874","display_name":"Care perspective","level":3,"score":0.5063499212265015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153997805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42240","display_name":"Research ethics","level":2,"score":0.505172073841095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.49199721217155457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.46948012709617615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.4581768214702606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4166976809501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.38006529211997986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91034043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223642","display_name":"Interpersonal relationship","level":2,"score":0.37157320976257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3258722424507141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.24460169672966003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12829971313476562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.09347695112228394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/iwc/iww010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iww010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23117883","display_name":"Interacting with Computers","issn_l":"0953-5438","issn":["0953-5438","1873-7951"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interacting with Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:iwc:29/1/45","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://iwc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/29/1/45","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79229537","https://openalex.org/W150466981","https://openalex.org/W400488367","https://openalex.org/W626427306","https://openalex.org/W633395860","https://openalex.org/W1506648833","https://openalex.org/W1519302612","https://openalex.org/W1576527722","https://openalex.org/W1965931250","https://openalex.org/W1974934245","https://openalex.org/W1988013511","https://openalex.org/W1997772859","https://openalex.org/W1998773852","https://openalex.org/W2021493990","https://openalex.org/W2032438879","https://openalex.org/W2042976082","https://openalex.org/W2043533996","https://openalex.org/W2063787042","https://openalex.org/W2068408009","https://openalex.org/W2075308045","https://openalex.org/W2087691829","https://openalex.org/W2092221852","https://openalex.org/W2092982340","https://openalex.org/W2102709386","https://openalex.org/W2128218911","https://openalex.org/W2135652757","https://openalex.org/W2140420369","https://openalex.org/W2157355491","https://openalex.org/W2159099779","https://openalex.org/W2165909127","https://openalex.org/W2171128461","https://openalex.org/W2317750876","https://openalex.org/W2339343773","https://openalex.org/W2343148021","https://openalex.org/W2496146724","https://openalex.org/W2906835179","https://openalex.org/W2911311425","https://openalex.org/W2920680699","https://openalex.org/W2938839568","https://openalex.org/W3022592048","https://openalex.org/W3134175687","https://openalex.org/W3141753367","https://openalex.org/W3200604896","https://openalex.org/W4211171368","https://openalex.org/W4230277160","https://openalex.org/W4234899858","https://openalex.org/W6684848956"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2419473311","https://openalex.org/W4239074740","https://openalex.org/W2053627212","https://openalex.org/W4246255530","https://openalex.org/W2063382329","https://openalex.org/W4232582393","https://openalex.org/W4205953893","https://openalex.org/W3035272782","https://openalex.org/W2145736276"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Care":[0],"pervades":[1],"all":[2],"interactions":[3,42],"between":[4,69,277],"people.":[5],"Therefore,":[6],"research":[7,29,118,187,216,240,257,265],"that":[8,34,63,67,155,214,275],"engages":[9],"with":[10,43,146,169,198,209,234,307],"human":[11,199],"participants":[12,136,188,247,280],"necessarily":[13],"includes":[14,193],"care,":[15],"both":[16],"from":[17,219],"researchers":[18,35,70,134,249,278],"and":[19,71,122,135,143,149,200,241,248,267,279,295],"participants.":[20,44,72,211,308],"These":[21],"caring":[22,207],"relationships":[23,66,111,208,233,274,306],"are":[24,36],"frequently":[25],"left":[26],"unaddressed":[27],"in":[28,40,90,161,184,205,226,243],"reporting,":[30],"disguising":[31],"the":[32,60,65,85,88,101,109,170,180,228,237,256,273],"fact":[33],"also":[37,94],"cared":[38],"for":[39,151,252],"their":[41,91,186,210],"In":[45],"this":[46],"paper,":[47],"we":[48,99,112],"demonstrate":[49],"how":[50,98,133],"a":[51,79,123,127,138,221,268,288],"care":[52,61,128,222,251,269,284],"ethics":[53,129,223,270,285],"perspective":[54,74,286],"helps":[55],"to":[56,59,78,83,166,300],"bring":[57],"clarity":[58],"entanglements":[62],"pervade":[64],"develop":[68,301],"This":[73,191,259,283],"not":[75],"only":[76],"leads":[77],"more":[80,289],"complete":[81,290],"ability":[82],"disclose":[84],"position":[86],"of":[87,104,141,230,239,272,292,304],"researcher":[89,244,293],"data,":[92],"but":[93],"provides":[95],"insights":[96],"into":[97],"describe":[100],"empathic":[102,232,305],"character":[103],"these":[105],"relationships.":[106],"We":[107,131,153,212],"analyze":[108],"researcher\u2013participant":[110],"developed":[113,276],"during":[114],"two":[115,263],"separate":[116],"long-term":[117,162,264],"engagements\u2014a":[119],"19-month":[120],"ethnography":[121],"6-month":[124],"design":[125],"deployment\u2014using":[126],"perspective.":[130],"discuss":[132],"navigate":[137],"complex":[139],"set":[140],"roles":[142],"reflexively":[144],"engage":[145,167],"interpersonal":[147],"vulnerabilities":[148],"needs":[150,202],"care.":[152],"argue":[154,213],"researchers,":[156],"particularly":[157,225],"those":[158],"who":[159,203],"participate":[160,204],"qualitative":[163],"studies,":[164],"have":[165],"authentically":[168],"multiple":[171,181],"subject":[172,182],"positions":[173,183,195],"they":[174],"themselves":[175],"occupy,":[176],"as":[177,179,196],"well":[178],"which":[185],"become":[189],"entangled.":[190],"importantly":[192],"researchers\u2019":[194],"individuals":[197],"social":[201],"reciprocal,":[206],"HCI":[215],"can":[217],"benefit":[218],"incorporating":[220],"perspective,":[224],"adopting":[227],"goals":[229],"developing":[231],"participants,":[235],"acknowledging":[236],"reflexivity":[238],"engaging":[242],"self-disclosure.":[245],"Research":[246],"perform":[250],"each":[253],"other":[254],"throughout":[255],"process.":[258],"is":[260,296],"demonstrated":[261],"through":[262],"engagements":[266],"analysis":[271],"within":[281],"them.":[282],"enables":[287],"form":[291],"self-disclosure,":[294],"helpful":[297],"when":[298],"attempting":[299],"an":[302],"understanding":[303]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}