{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2129100789","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwt049","title":"Anxiety Induction in Virtual Environments: An Experimental Comparison of Three General Techniques","display_name":"Anxiety Induction in Virtual Environments: An Experimental Comparison of Three General Techniques","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2129100789","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwt049","mag":"2129100789"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/iwc/iwt049","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwt049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23117883","display_name":"Interacting with Computers","issn_l":"0953-5438","issn":["0953-5438","1873-7951"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interacting with Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039334766","display_name":"Luca Chittaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5975-4294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129043915","display_name":"University of Udine","ror":"https://ror.org/05ht0mh31","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129043915"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"L. Chittaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human\u2013Computer Interaction Lab, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human\u2013Computer Interaction Lab, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129043915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039334766"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129043915"],"apc_list":{"value":2635,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3232},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.188,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87627632,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"6","first_page":"528","last_page":"539"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heartbeat","display_name":"Heartbeat","score":0.8974759578704834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arousal","display_name":"Arousal","score":0.7090716361999512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"Anxiety","score":0.6320386528968811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.586664617061615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biofeedback","display_name":"Biofeedback","score":0.47608983516693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4662790298461914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4569428861141205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.4569022059440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avatar","display_name":"Avatar","score":0.4492543637752533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.20193645358085632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.12314414978027344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13852961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17021880","display_name":"Heartbeat","level":2,"score":0.8974759578704834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36951298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379784","display_name":"Arousal","level":2,"score":0.7090716361999512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.6320386528968811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.586664617061615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776377089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864329","display_name":"Biofeedback","level":2,"score":0.47608983516693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4662790298461914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4569428861141205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4569022059440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777365542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83090","display_name":"Avatar","level":2,"score":0.4492543637752533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.20193645358085632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.12314414978027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/iwc/iwt049","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwt049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23117883","display_name":"Interacting with Computers","issn_l":"0953-5438","issn":["0953-5438","1873-7951"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interacting with Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:air.uniud.it:11390/1038200","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11390/1038200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401163","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (University of Udine)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I129043915","host_organization_name":"University of Udine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129043915"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W75351312","https://openalex.org/W126372940","https://openalex.org/W162908134","https://openalex.org/W1484200899","https://openalex.org/W1526561820","https://openalex.org/W1545542082","https://openalex.org/W1599061820","https://openalex.org/W1607171655","https://openalex.org/W1858142354","https://openalex.org/W1970438994","https://openalex.org/W1978980572","https://openalex.org/W1982861985","https://openalex.org/W1982909927","https://openalex.org/W1989205184","https://openalex.org/W1989793720","https://openalex.org/W1995474267","https://openalex.org/W1997092577","https://openalex.org/W1999789933","https://openalex.org/W2000695423","https://openalex.org/W2011012772","https://openalex.org/W2016521818","https://openalex.org/W2017376388","https://openalex.org/W2017785078","https://openalex.org/W2019376375","https://openalex.org/W2019982581","https://openalex.org/W2024151148","https://openalex.org/W2025829466","https://openalex.org/W2028254440","https://openalex.org/W2030526902","https://openalex.org/W2032850678","https://openalex.org/W2036973513","https://openalex.org/W2040754864","https://openalex.org/W2062879212","https://openalex.org/W2063208630","https://openalex.org/W2063776759","https://openalex.org/W2064457892","https://openalex.org/W2067106822","https://openalex.org/W2080509533","https://openalex.org/W2083407129","https://openalex.org/W2084658093","https://openalex.org/W2088100037","https://openalex.org/W2107790366","https://openalex.org/W2111400584","https://openalex.org/W2117442693","https://openalex.org/W2123471056","https://openalex.org/W2126132962","https://openalex.org/W2129134806","https://openalex.org/W2132135247","https://openalex.org/W2134031328","https://openalex.org/W2137975230","https://openalex.org/W2144677027","https://openalex.org/W2147324912","https://openalex.org/W2148905283","https://openalex.org/W2154502005","https://openalex.org/W2289620436","https://openalex.org/W2622838936","https://openalex.org/W2786704581","https://openalex.org/W3094202663","https://openalex.org/W4234232322","https://openalex.org/W4243814705","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4292994367"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041481235","https://openalex.org/W2038014608","https://openalex.org/W4244291577","https://openalex.org/W2097564131","https://openalex.org/W2060855998","https://openalex.org/W2121335183","https://openalex.org/W2072041152","https://openalex.org/W2073548034","https://openalex.org/W3004715723","https://openalex.org/W2409382438"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Anxiety":[0],"induction":[1,23],"and":[2,71,116,155,159],"elicitation":[3],"of":[4,118,137,157],"associated":[5],"physiological":[6,110,125],"arousal":[7,111],"with":[8,30,54,124],"virtual":[9],"environments":[10],"(VEs)":[11],"is":[12,35],"important":[13],"in":[14,38,61,79],"diverse":[15],"domains.":[16],"This":[17],"paper":[18],"evaluates":[19],"three":[20],"general":[21],"anxiety":[22,121],"techniques.":[24],"The":[25,49,76,90],"first":[26],"augments":[27,51],"the":[28,44,52,66,80,104,113,135,144],"VE":[29,53,96],"a":[31,83,95,99],"health":[32],"bar":[33],"that":[34,97,103,131],"often":[36],"displayed":[37],"video":[39],"games":[40,64],"to":[41,86,142,153],"indicate":[42,102],"when":[43,65],"user's":[45,67],"avatar":[46,68],"gets":[47,69],"hurt.":[48],"second":[50],"aversive":[55],"audio-visual":[56],"stimuli,":[57],"which":[58],"are":[59,122],"employed":[60],"first-person":[62],"shooter":[63],"hurt":[70],"include":[72],"preset":[73],"heartbeat":[74,88,139],"sound.":[75,89],"third":[77,105,145],"introduces":[78],"previous":[81],"technique":[82,106,146],"biofeedback":[84,140],"mechanism":[85],"control":[87],"results":[91],"we":[92],"obtained":[93],"on":[94],"reproduces":[98],"fire":[100],"evacuation":[101],"produces":[107],"much":[108],"higher":[109],"than":[112],"other":[114],"two,":[115],"measures":[117],"users\u2019":[119],"state":[120],"consistent":[123],"results.":[126],"We":[127],"discuss":[128],"possible":[129],"reasons":[130],"could":[132],"explain":[133],"why":[134],"exploitation":[136],"auditory":[138],"contributes":[141],"make":[143],"more":[147],"effective,":[148],"by":[149],"linking":[150],"our":[151],"study":[152],"research":[154],"theories":[156],"affect":[158],"emotions.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}