{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3193772644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwab020","title":"Effects of the Font Size and Line Spacing of Simplified Chinese Characters on Smartphone Readability","display_name":"Effects of the Font Size and Line Spacing of Simplified Chinese Characters on Smartphone Readability","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3193772644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwab020","mag":"3193772644"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/iwc/iwab020","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwab020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23117883","display_name":"Interacting with Computers","issn_l":"0953-5438","issn":["0953-5438","1873-7951"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interacting with Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102210769","display_name":"Shangshang Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shangshang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Design, College of Design and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 86 Liuhe Street, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310023"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Design, College of Design and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 86 Liuhe Street, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310023","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102085604","display_name":"Xinyu Su","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Design, College of Design and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 86 Liuhe Street, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310023"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Design, College of Design and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 86 Liuhe Street, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310023","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043772805","display_name":"Yenan Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1674-4456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yenan Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Design, College of Design and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 86 Liuhe Street, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310023"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Design, College of Design and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 86 Liuhe Street, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310023","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043772805"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"],"apc_list":{"value":2635,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3232},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5231,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92399157,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"2","first_page":"177","last_page":"187"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/font","display_name":"Font","score":0.9589186906814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/readability","display_name":"Readability","score":0.8465090990066528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.6140516400337219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5614691376686096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.5460039973258972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.5309944152832031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5141646862030029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/display-size","display_name":"Display size","score":0.5065768957138062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26293718814849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24907249212265015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.18482300639152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.13478469848632812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/display-device","display_name":"Display device","score":0.12527212500572205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.09170818328857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.07342186570167542}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777737414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4868296","display_name":"Font","level":2,"score":0.9589186906814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778143727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820650","display_name":"Readability","level":2,"score":0.8465090990066528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.6140516400337219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5614691376686096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.5460039973258972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5309944152832031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5141646862030029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170003942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861066","display_name":"Display size","level":3,"score":0.5065768957138062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26293718814849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24907249212265015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.18482300639152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.13478469848632812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164597639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327065","display_name":"Display device","level":2,"score":0.12527212500572205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.09170818328857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.07342186570167542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/iwc/iwab020","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwab020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23117883","display_name":"Interacting with Computers","issn_l":"0953-5438","issn":["0953-5438","1873-7951"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interacting with Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496419102","https://openalex.org/W1965284963","https://openalex.org/W1968087286","https://openalex.org/W1980399811","https://openalex.org/W2004150329","https://openalex.org/W2013294264","https://openalex.org/W2014142359","https://openalex.org/W2014423324","https://openalex.org/W2022481052","https://openalex.org/W2024918559","https://openalex.org/W2026880470","https://openalex.org/W2033142537","https://openalex.org/W2035085419","https://openalex.org/W2039110852","https://openalex.org/W2059064846","https://openalex.org/W2059084567","https://openalex.org/W2069591785","https://openalex.org/W2076148491","https://openalex.org/W2081216294","https://openalex.org/W2082952002","https://openalex.org/W2103397311","https://openalex.org/W2143088708","https://openalex.org/W2292479482","https://openalex.org/W2735925080","https://openalex.org/W2793923167","https://openalex.org/W2898601829","https://openalex.org/W2941782915","https://openalex.org/W4214616742","https://openalex.org/W6665337054"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964661231","https://openalex.org/W3110264473","https://openalex.org/W4254960163","https://openalex.org/W2032810564","https://openalex.org/W2370831213","https://openalex.org/W2972807713","https://openalex.org/W4315704968","https://openalex.org/W4247227756","https://openalex.org/W1568816930","https://openalex.org/W2028109981"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1],"this":[2],"study,":[3],"we":[4],"explored":[5],"the":[6,9,96,104,109],"effects":[7,102],"that":[8,72],"font":[10,54,74,85,91,117,132],"size":[11,75,86],"and":[12,27,38,58,60,67,76,95,108,115,130],"line":[13,62,77,93,126,139],"spacing":[14,63,78,94],"of":[15,52,106,111],"simplified":[16],"Chinese":[17,34],"characters":[18],"had":[19],"on":[20,23,42,103],"their":[21],"readability":[22],"smartphones.":[24],"One":[25],"hundred":[26],"fifteen":[28],"participants":[29],"were":[30,49],"recruited":[31],"to":[32,122],"complete":[33],"text":[35,148],"comprehension":[36],"tasks":[37],"provide":[39,143],"user":[40],"preferences":[41],"a":[43],"5.9-inch":[44],"smartphone.":[45],"Nine":[46],"test":[47],"conditions":[48],"studied,":[50],"consisting":[51],"three":[53,61],"sizes":[55,118,133],"(10-,":[56],"12-":[57],"14-point)":[59],"variations":[64],"(1.25-F,":[65],"1.5-F":[66],"2-F).":[68],"The":[69,141],"results":[70,142],"showed":[71],"both":[73],"significantly":[79,87],"affect":[80],"reading":[81,89,107],"time,":[82],"but":[83],"only":[84],"affects":[88],"accuracy;":[90],"size,":[92],"interaction":[97],"between":[98],"them":[99],"have":[100],"significant":[101],"difficulty":[105],"degree":[110],"visual":[112],"fatigue.":[113],"Medium":[114],"large":[116,125,138],"are":[119,134],"more":[120,135],"comfortable":[121],"read":[123],"with":[124,137],"spacing,":[127],"while":[128],"small":[129],"medium":[131],"attractive":[136],"spacing.":[140],"useful":[144],"information":[145],"for":[146],"mobile":[147],"interface":[149],"design.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}