{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3025742459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwaa010","title":"Can a Low-Cost Eye Tracker Assess the Impact of a Valent Stimulus? A Study Replicating the Visual Backward Masking Paradigm","display_name":"Can a Low-Cost Eye Tracker Assess the Impact of a Valent Stimulus? A Study Replicating the Visual Backward Masking Paradigm","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3025742459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwaa010","mag":"3025742459"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/iwc/iwaa010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwaa010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23117883","display_name":"Interacting with Computers","issn_l":"0953-5438","issn":["0953-5438","1873-7951"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interacting with Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/90601/1/IWC-R6.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053994254","display_name":"Dimitris D. Vlastos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0257-713X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203474044","display_name":"National Centre of Scientific Research \"Demokritos\"","ror":"https://ror.org/038jp4m40","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203474044"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dimitris D Vlastos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, \u039a\u03c5\u03a8\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 Research Center, SCG-Scientific College of Greece Pindarou 14A & Solonos 16, Kolonaki, 106 73, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, \u039a\u03c5\u03a8\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 Research Center, SCG-Scientific College of Greece Pindarou 14A & Solonos 16, Kolonaki, 106 73, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203474044"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005530042","display_name":"Markos Kyritsis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7151-1698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","display_name":"University of Reading","ror":"https://ror.org/05v62cm79","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markos Kyritsis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Henley Business School, Business Informatics Systems and Accounting, Informatics Research Centre, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UD, Berkshire, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henley Business School, Business Informatics Systems and Accounting, Informatics Research Centre, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UD, Berkshire, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011045774","display_name":"Vasiliki Varela","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2907-8237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasiliki-Alexia Varela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Social Medicine, Psychiatry and Neurology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vassilisis Sofias 72, 115 28, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Social Medicine, Psychiatry and Neurology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vassilisis Sofias 72, 115 28, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039674155","display_name":"Stephen R. Gulliver","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4503-5448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","display_name":"University of Reading","ror":"https://ror.org/05v62cm79","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen R Gulliver","raw_affiliation_strings":["Henley Business School, Business Informatics Systems and Accounting, Informatics Research Centre, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UD, Berkshire, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henley Business School, Business Informatics Systems and Accounting, Informatics Research Centre, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UD, Berkshire, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038499314","display_name":"Afroditi Papaioannou-Spiroulia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203474044","display_name":"National Centre of Scientific Research \"Demokritos\"","ror":"https://ror.org/038jp4m40","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203474044"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Afroditi Papaioannou-Spiroulia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, \u039a\u03c5\u03a8\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 Research Center, SCG-Scientific College of Greece Pindarou 14A & Solonos 16, Kolonaki, 106 73, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, \u039a\u03c5\u03a8\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 Research Center, SCG-Scientific College of Greece Pindarou 14A & Solonos 16, Kolonaki, 106 73, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203474044"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053994254"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203474044"],"apc_list":{"value":2635,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3232},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1101,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40291085,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"2","first_page":"132","last_page":"141"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14056","display_name":"Safety Warnings and Signage","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saccadic-masking","display_name":"Saccadic masking","score":0.8617804646492004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.6472204923629761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backward-masking","display_name":"Backward masking","score":0.6446051001548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audiology","display_name":"Audiology","score":0.6377834677696228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulus","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","score":0.625361442565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movement","display_name":"Eye movement","score":0.5460004210472107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5272587537765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/masking","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","score":0.4431781768798828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3715340495109558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.33442428708076477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2648102045059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.17246553301811218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.1423037052154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.1369328796863556}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11054436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7396580","display_name":"Saccadic masking","level":3,"score":0.8617804646492004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.6472204923629761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776817677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4839818","display_name":"Backward masking","level":3,"score":0.6446051001548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.6377834677696228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.625361442565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.5460004210472107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5272587537765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6783436","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","level":2,"score":0.4431781768798828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3715340495109558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.33442428708076477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2648102045059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.17246553301811218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.1423037052154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.1369328796863556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/iwc/iwaa010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwaa010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23117883","display_name":"Interacting with Computers","issn_l":"0953-5438","issn":["0953-5438","1873-7951"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interacting with Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:centaur.reading.ac.uk:90601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/view/creators/90009377.html>","pdf_url":"https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/90601/1/IWC-R6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402273","display_name":"CentAUR (University of Reading)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","host_organization_name":"University of Reading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:centaur.reading.ac.uk:90601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/view/creators/90009377.html>","pdf_url":"https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/90601/1/IWC-R6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402273","display_name":"CentAUR (University of Reading)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","host_organization_name":"University of Reading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3025742459.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3025742459.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W252649790","https://openalex.org/W1510429593","https://openalex.org/W1751473020","https://openalex.org/W1830556846","https://openalex.org/W1972100326","https://openalex.org/W1976339519","https://openalex.org/W1976598983","https://openalex.org/W1981395202","https://openalex.org/W1981611947","https://openalex.org/W1981753533","https://openalex.org/W2007410190","https://openalex.org/W2031828545","https://openalex.org/W2052418071","https://openalex.org/W2054810312","https://openalex.org/W2059956012","https://openalex.org/W2062242288","https://openalex.org/W2064080950","https://openalex.org/W2068869383","https://openalex.org/W2081821057","https://openalex.org/W2091644699","https://openalex.org/W2111274740","https://openalex.org/W2113497036","https://openalex.org/W2114808345","https://openalex.org/W2115226476","https://openalex.org/W2126079704","https://openalex.org/W2126163471","https://openalex.org/W2138521251","https://openalex.org/W2140079265","https://openalex.org/W2148818673","https://openalex.org/W2153731227","https://openalex.org/W2181845779","https://openalex.org/W2293542025","https://openalex.org/W2342624057","https://openalex.org/W2345943307","https://openalex.org/W2471114721","https://openalex.org/W2550240448","https://openalex.org/W2620957673","https://openalex.org/W2729545312","https://openalex.org/W2743544800","https://openalex.org/W2746661140","https://openalex.org/W2884052146","https://openalex.org/W2937840282","https://openalex.org/W4237513721","https://openalex.org/W6640288659","https://openalex.org/W6644210871","https://openalex.org/W6645726593","https://openalex.org/W6650874774","https://openalex.org/W6665640049","https://openalex.org/W6665871683","https://openalex.org/W6667572125","https://openalex.org/W6671068621","https://openalex.org/W6673254676","https://openalex.org/W6676793058","https://openalex.org/W6676958175","https://openalex.org/W6680276402","https://openalex.org/W6681237883","https://openalex.org/W6682655672","https://openalex.org/W6696667107","https://openalex.org/W6704529850","https://openalex.org/W6705026046","https://openalex.org/W6808682407"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2336359245","https://openalex.org/W1963881226","https://openalex.org/W2101231414","https://openalex.org/W2017893001","https://openalex.org/W1708007876","https://openalex.org/W2022046788","https://openalex.org/W1991260712","https://openalex.org/W411830526","https://openalex.org/W4235527717","https://openalex.org/W2466319049"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Capturing":[1],"affective":[2],"response":[3,41],"to":[4,15,20,29,42,58,156,207,233],"valent":[5,44],"stimuli":[6],"using":[7,77,85],"eye":[8,34,215],"tracking":[9],"is":[10],"of":[11,88,101,193,230],"interest":[12],"not":[13],"only":[14],"academic":[16],"research":[17],"but":[18],"also":[19],"commercial":[21],"equipment":[22],"developers":[23],"(e.g.":[24],"car":[25],"dashboards).":[26],"In":[27],"order":[28],"investigate":[30],"whether":[31],"a":[32,66,78,86,107,178,228],"low-cost":[33,214],"tracker":[35],"can":[36,217],"effectively":[37],"detect":[38,219],"participants\u2019":[39],"physiological":[40,231],"negatively":[43],"stimuli,":[45],"44":[46],"participants":[47],"aged":[48],"19\u201324":[49],"(mean":[50],"=":[51,54,116,122,128,134],"24.7,":[52],"SD":[53],"5.8)":[55],"were":[56,75,138],"recruited":[57],"complete":[59],"the":[60,99,169,189,198,211],"visual":[61,235],"backward":[62],"masking":[63],"paradigm":[64],"in":[65,98,175,221],"repeated-measure":[67],"experimental":[68],"design.":[69],"Saccadic":[70],"duration":[71,114,149,223],"and":[72,90,124,158,197,224],"pupil":[73,125,159,225],"sizes":[74,192,226],"recorded":[76],"lower-end":[79],"60-Hz":[80],"tracker.":[81],"Data":[82],"was":[83,151,163],"analysed":[84],"mix":[87],"parametric":[89],"non-parametric":[91],"tests.":[92],"Our":[93,136],"results":[94],"suggest":[95,208],"that":[96,147,173],"valence":[97,176],"form":[100],"fearful":[102],"vs":[103],"neutral":[104],"faces":[105],"has":[106],"significant":[108,199],"main":[109,179],"effect":[110,191,200],"on":[111,201],"both":[112],"saccadic":[113,148,222],"[V":[115],"931,":[117],"P":[118,130],"&amp;lt;":[119,131],"0.001,":[120,132],"d":[121,133],"0.96]":[123],"size":[126,160],"[t(43)":[127],"29.81,":[129],"3.91)].":[135],"findings":[137],"further":[139],"supported":[140],"by":[141,185],"Bayes":[142],"factor":[143],"analysis,":[144,188],"which":[145],"showed":[146],"data":[150,162],"24":[152],"times":[153,165],"more":[154,166],"likely":[155],"occur,":[157],"measurement":[161],"89":[164],"likely,":[167],"under":[168,210],"alternative":[170],"hypothesis,":[171],"showing":[172],"differences":[174],"had":[177],"effect.":[180],"The":[181],"combined":[182],"evidence":[183],"produced":[184],"our":[186,194],"Bayesian":[187],"large":[190],"frequentist":[195],"analysis":[196],"two":[202],"separate":[203],"measurements":[204],"lead":[205],"us":[206],"that,":[209],"right":[212],"conditions,":[213],"trackers":[216],"successfully":[218],"changes":[220],"as":[227],"result":[229],"responses":[232],"threat-relevant":[234],"stimuli.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
