{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015988462","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/ear009","title":"When is a contract formed by the browse-wrap process?","display_name":"When is a contract formed by the browse-wrap process?","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015988462","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/ear009","mag":"2015988462"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/ijlit/ear009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/ear009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193514341","display_name":"International Journal of Law and Information Technology","issn_l":"0967-0769","issn":["0967-0769","1464-3693"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Law and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063632104","display_name":"Ewan B Macdonald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1202-3456"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"E. Macdonald","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063632104"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4151,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4151},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25708832,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"4","first_page":"285","last_page":"305"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12374","display_name":"European and International Contract Law","score":0.963699996471405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12374","display_name":"European and International Contract Law","score":0.963699996471405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11762","display_name":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","score":0.9557999968528748,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12982","display_name":"Legal principles and applications","score":0.935699999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.7192679047584534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.7021284699440002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.5586211681365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4794127643108368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.45728346705436707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.343780517578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09606239199638367}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7192679047584534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7021284699440002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5586211681365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4794127643108368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.45728346705436707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.343780517578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09606239199638367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/ijlit/ear009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/ear009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193514341","display_name":"International Journal of Law and Information Technology","issn_l":"0967-0769","issn":["0967-0769","1464-3693"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Law and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cronfa.swan.ac.uk:cronfa8454","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa8454","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401612","display_name":"Cronfa (Swansea University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39586589","host_organization_name":"Swansea University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2084487854","https://openalex.org/W2811379855","https://openalex.org/W2353878298","https://openalex.org/W2298450300","https://openalex.org/W2928033057","https://openalex.org/W4281737987","https://openalex.org/W4386449603","https://openalex.org/W3124412501","https://openalex.org/W2048235121","https://openalex.org/W2089859089"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2],"contract":[3],"formed":[4],"by":[5,36],"the":[6],"browse-wrap":[7],"process?":[8],"Get":[9],"access":[10],"Elizabeth":[11,13],"Macdonald":[12,14],"*":[15],"*Professor":[16],"of":[17,20,46],"Law,":[18,21],"School":[19],"Swansea":[22,26],"University,":[23],"Singleton":[24],"Park,":[25],"SA2":[27],"8AW,":[28],"UK.":[29],"E-mail:":[30],"e.a.macdonald@swansea.ac.uk":[31],"Search":[32],"for":[33],"other":[34],"works":[35],"this":[37],"author":[38],"on:":[39],"Oxford":[40],"Academic":[41],"Google":[42],"Scholar":[43],"International":[44],"Journal":[45],"Law":[47],"and":[48],"Information":[49],"Technology,":[50],"Volume":[51],"19,":[52],"Issue":[53],"4,":[54],"Winter":[55],"2011,":[56],"Pages":[57],"285\u2013305,":[58],"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/ear009":[59],"Published:":[60],"27":[61],"July":[62],"2011":[63]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
