{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2347081127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/database/baw061","title":"Chemical entity recognition in patents by combining dictionary-based and statistical approaches","display_name":"Chemical entity recognition in patents by combining dictionary-based and statistical approaches","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2347081127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/database/baw061","mag":"2347081127","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27141091"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/database/baw061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/database/baw061","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/database/article-pdf/doi/10.1093/database/baw061/8224292/baw061.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201630","display_name":"Database","issn_l":"1758-0463","issn":["1758-0463"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311647","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Database","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/database/article-pdf/doi/10.1093/database/baw061/8224292/baw061.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023359433","display_name":"Saber A. Akhondi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2855-5633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802849423","display_name":"University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/036pt7h44","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802849423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108968","display_name":"University Hospital and Clinics","ror":"https://ror.org/013v7fk41","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108968"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saber A. Akhondi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802849423","https://openalex.org/I4210108968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037339423","display_name":"Ewoud Pons","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5219-9790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802849423","display_name":"University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/036pt7h44","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802849423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108968","display_name":"University Hospital and Clinics","ror":"https://ror.org/013v7fk41","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108968"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ewoud Pons","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802849423","https://openalex.org/I4210108968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048053757","display_name":"Zubair Afzal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7812-2399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802849423","display_name":"University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/036pt7h44","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802849423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108968","display_name":"University Hospital and Clinics","ror":"https://ror.org/013v7fk41","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108968"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zubair Afzal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802849423","https://openalex.org/I4210108968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032903215","display_name":"Herman van Haagen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802849423","display_name":"University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/036pt7h44","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802849423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108968","display_name":"University Hospital and Clinics","ror":"https://ror.org/013v7fk41","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108968"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Herman van Haagen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802849423","https://openalex.org/I4210108968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051448781","display_name":"Benedikt Becker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-8344"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802849423","display_name":"University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/036pt7h44","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802849423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108968","display_name":"University Hospital and Clinics","ror":"https://ror.org/013v7fk41","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108968"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benedikt F.H. Becker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802849423","https://openalex.org/I4210108968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029869005","display_name":"Kristina Hettne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4182-7560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800006345","display_name":"Leiden University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05xvt9f17","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristina M. Hettne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053857782","display_name":"Erik M. van Mulligen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1377-9386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802849423","display_name":"University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/036pt7h44","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802849423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108968","display_name":"University Hospital and Clinics","ror":"https://ror.org/013v7fk41","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108968"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik M. van Mulligen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802849423","https://openalex.org/I4210108968"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005077862","display_name":"Jan A. Kors","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4929-026X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801952686","display_name":"Erasmus MC","ror":"https://ror.org/018906e22","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802849423","display_name":"University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/036pt7h44","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802849423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108968","display_name":"University Hospital and Clinics","ror":"https://ror.org/013v7fk41","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108968"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I913958620","display_name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/057w15z03","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"]}],"countries":["NL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan A. Kors","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam j.kors@erasmusmc.nl","Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam j.kors@erasmusmc.nl","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686","https://openalex.org/I913958620"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802849423","https://openalex.org/I4210108968"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1415,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1735},"apc_paid":{"value":1415,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1735},"fwci":1.9152,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85886464,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2016","issue":null,"first_page":"baw061","last_page":"baw061"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9796000123023987,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7930524349212646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6223996877670288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.6202501654624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-random-field","display_name":"Conditional random field","score":0.602813720703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5686120986938477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5367250442504883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5339393019676208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5250254273414612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.5212883949279785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/named-entity-recognition","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","score":0.49149930477142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4377087354660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-set","display_name":"Test set","score":0.42809563875198364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.35994333028793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3450535535812378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3301697373390198}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7930524349212646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6223996877670288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.6202501654624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124538","display_name":"Conditional random field","level":2,"score":0.602813720703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5686120986938477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5367250442504883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5339393019676208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5250254273414612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.5212883949279785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779135771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403574","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","level":3,"score":0.49149930477142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4377087354660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Test set","level":2,"score":0.42809563875198364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.35994333028793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3450535535812378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3301697373390198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010330","descriptor_name":"Patents as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010330","descriptor_name":"Patents as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010330","descriptor_name":"Patents as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062126","descriptor_name":"Databases, Chemical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062126","descriptor_name":"Databases, Chemical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062126","descriptor_name":"Databases, Chemical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/database/baw061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/database/baw061","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/database/article-pdf/doi/10.1093/database/baw061/8224292/baw061.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201630","display_name":"Database","issn_l":"1758-0463","issn":["1758-0463"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311647","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Database","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27141091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27141091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Database : the journal of biological databases and curation","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.eur.nl:openaire_cris_publications/5b7c07d2-168f-4a86-b325-72215d965009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/5b7c07d2-168f-4a86-b325-72215d965009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401266","display_name":"EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I913958620","host_organization_name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ahmad Akhondi, S, Pons, E, Afzal, M, Haagen, H, Becker, B, Hettne, KM, van Mulligen, E & Kors, J 2016, 'Chemical entity recognition in patents by combining dictionary-based and statistical approaches', Database-the Journal of Biological Databases and Curation. https://doi.org/10.1093/database/baw061","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:lumc:oai:scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl:item_2999484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1887/88017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Database","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:databa:2016/0/baw061","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://database.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/2016/0/baw061","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4852402","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4852402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Database (Oxford)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl:item_2973582","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1887/79910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400850","display_name":"Leiden Repository (Leiden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","host_organization_name":"Leiden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Database : the Journal of Biological Databases and Curation","raw_type":"Article / Letter to editor"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl:item_2999484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1887/88017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400850","display_name":"Leiden Repository (Leiden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","host_organization_name":"Leiden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Database","raw_type":"Article / Letter to editor"},{"id":"pmh:ul:oai:scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl:item_2973582","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1887/79910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Database : the Journal of Biological Databases and Curation, 2016, baw061. OXFORD UNIV PRESS","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/database/baw061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/database/baw061","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/database/article-pdf/doi/10.1093/database/baw061/8224292/baw061.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201630","display_name":"Database","issn_l":"1758-0463","issn":["1758-0463"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311647","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Database","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2659294540","display_name":"RD-CONNECT: An integrated platform connecting registries, biobanks and clinical bioinformatics for rare disease research","funder_award_id":"305444","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307770","display_name":"AstraZeneca","ror":"https://ror.org/04r9x1a08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2347081127.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2347081127.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975875968","https://openalex.org/W1983248350","https://openalex.org/W1996430422","https://openalex.org/W2018518196","https://openalex.org/W2023823374","https://openalex.org/W2045155277","https://openalex.org/W2051810242","https://openalex.org/W2060333676","https://openalex.org/W2062418945","https://openalex.org/W2063028213","https://openalex.org/W2076018790","https://openalex.org/W2080848531","https://openalex.org/W2091155135","https://openalex.org/W2095596879","https://openalex.org/W2096541451","https://openalex.org/W2104148262","https://openalex.org/W2107005506","https://openalex.org/W2108492672","https://openalex.org/W2121244856","https://openalex.org/W2122709242","https://openalex.org/W2130545421","https://openalex.org/W2134967412","https://openalex.org/W2135505477","https://openalex.org/W2136794542","https://openalex.org/W2137052779","https://openalex.org/W2138689719","https://openalex.org/W2140611297","https://openalex.org/W2145870108","https://openalex.org/W2149369282","https://openalex.org/W2150341604","https://openalex.org/W2165644686","https://openalex.org/W2168990503","https://openalex.org/W2169491861","https://openalex.org/W2171374484","https://openalex.org/W2171469118","https://openalex.org/W2172533829","https://openalex.org/W2176758925","https://openalex.org/W2177317049","https://openalex.org/W2522519459","https://openalex.org/W4205947740","https://openalex.org/W6675914680"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4250494529","https://openalex.org/W1964783010","https://openalex.org/W2399696375","https://openalex.org/W45206245","https://openalex.org/W2211396092","https://openalex.org/W2061834489","https://openalex.org/W3088215229","https://openalex.org/W2078793151","https://openalex.org/W3047727388","https://openalex.org/W2759598007"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,41,75],"describe":[1],"the":[2,14,61,81,85,100,119,131,140,144,147,179,184],"development":[3],"of":[4,17,63,87,102,128,137,160,172],"a":[5,24,34,51,55,89,93],"chemical":[6,90],"entity":[7],"recognition":[8,31],"system":[9,48,124,149,182,186],"and":[10,33,113,134,162,183],"its":[11],"application":[12],"in":[13,28,176],"CHEMDNER-patent":[15],"track":[16],"BioCreative":[18],"2015.":[19],"This":[20],"community":[21],"challenge":[22],"includes":[23],"Chemical":[25,35],"Entity":[26],"Mention":[27],"Patents":[29],"(CEMP)":[30],"task":[32],"Passage":[36],"Detection":[37],"(CPD)":[38],"classification":[39],"task.":[40,142],"addressed":[42],"both":[43],"tasks":[44],"by":[45],"an":[46,126,135,158,170],"ensemble":[47,181],"that":[49],"combines":[50],"dictionary-based":[52,78],"approach":[53],"with":[54,84,157,169],"statistical":[56,185],"one.":[57],"For":[58],"this":[59],"purpose":[60],"performance":[62,101,177],"several":[64],"lexical":[65],"resources":[66],"was":[67],"assessed":[68],"using":[69,92],"Peregrine,":[70],"our":[71,77,122],"open-source":[72],"indexing":[73],"engine.":[74],"combined":[76],"results":[79,86],"on":[80,118],"patent":[82],"corpus":[83],"tmChem,":[88,103],"recognizer":[91],"conditional":[94],"random":[95],"field":[96],"classifier.":[97],"To":[98],"improve":[99],"we":[104],"utilized":[105],"three":[106],"additional":[107],"features,":[108],"viz.":[109],"part-of-speech":[110],"tags,":[111],"lemmas":[112],"word-vector":[114],"clusters.":[115],"When":[116],"evaluated":[117],"training":[120],"data,":[121],"final":[123],"obtained":[125],"F-score":[127,159],"85.21%":[129],"for":[130,139,155,167],"CEMP":[132,156],"task,":[133],"accuracy":[136,171],"91.53%":[138],"CPD":[141,168],"On":[143],"test":[145],"set,":[146],"best":[148,180],"ranked":[150],"sixth":[151],"among":[152,164],"21":[153],"teams":[154,166],"86.82%,":[161],"second":[163],"nine":[165],"94.23%.":[173],"The":[174],"differences":[175],"between":[178],"separately":[187],"were":[188],"small.Database":[189],"URL:":[190],"http://biosemantics.org/chemdner-patents.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}