{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2104148262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/database/bat064","title":"BioC: a minimalist approach to interoperability for biomedical text processing","display_name":"BioC: a minimalist approach to interoperability for biomedical text processing","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-09-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2104148262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/database/bat064","mag":"2104148262","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24048470"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/database/bat064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/database/bat064","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/database/article-pdf/doi/10.1093/database/bat064/16734311/bat064.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201630","display_name":"Database","issn_l":"1758-0463","issn":["1758-0463"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311647","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Database","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/database/article-pdf/doi/10.1093/database/bat064/16734311/bat064.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111968060","display_name":"D. C. Comeau","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109390","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","ror":"https://ror.org/02meqm098","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089594","display_name":"Spanish National Cancer Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvhmc43","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["AU","ES","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D. C. Comeau","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA","National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I86501945","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4210109390","https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008126200","display_name":"Rezarta Islamaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5651-1860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089594","display_name":"Spanish National Cancer Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvhmc43","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109390","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","ror":"https://ror.org/02meqm098","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU","ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Islamaj Dogan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I86501945","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4210109390","https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054153288","display_name":"Paolo Ciccarese","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5156-2703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089594","display_name":"Spanish National Cancer Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvhmc43","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109390","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","ror":"https://ror.org/02meqm098","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["AU","ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Ciccarese","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I86501945","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4210109390","https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054773374","display_name":"K. B. Cohen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109390","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","ror":"https://ror.org/02meqm098","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089594","display_name":"Spanish National Cancer Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvhmc43","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU","ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. B. Cohen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I86501945","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4210109390","https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007203127","display_name":"Martin Krallinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2646-8782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089594","display_name":"Spanish National Cancer Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvhmc43","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109390","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","ror":"https://ror.org/02meqm098","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]}],"countries":["AU","ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Krallinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I86501945","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4210109390","https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018678007","display_name":"Florian Leitner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4458-504X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109390","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","ror":"https://ror.org/02meqm098","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089594","display_name":"Spanish National Cancer Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvhmc43","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["AU","ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Leitner","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I86501945","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4210109390","https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083081872","display_name":"Zhiyong Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9998-916X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089594","display_name":"Spanish National Cancer Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvhmc43","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109390","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","ror":"https://ror.org/02meqm098","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]}],"countries":["AU","ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Z. Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I86501945","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4210109390","https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085113833","display_name":"Yifan Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9309-8331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109390","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","ror":"https://ror.org/02meqm098","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089594","display_name":"Spanish National Cancer Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvhmc43","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}],"countries":["AU","ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I86501945","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4210109390","https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025307528","display_name":"Fabio Rinaldi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5718-5462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089594","display_name":"Spanish National Cancer Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvhmc43","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109390","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","ror":"https://ror.org/02meqm098","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["AU","ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Rinaldi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I86501945","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4210109390","https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028161578","display_name":"Manabu Torii","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4825-0696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089594","display_name":"Spanish National Cancer Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvhmc43","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109390","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","ror":"https://ror.org/02meqm098","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["AU","ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Torii","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I86501945","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4210109390","https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015217651","display_name":"Alfonso Valencia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8937-6789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089594","display_name":"Spanish National Cancer Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvhmc43","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109390","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","ror":"https://ror.org/02meqm098","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]}],"countries":["AU","ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Valencia","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I86501945","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4210109390","https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067214173","display_name":"Karin Verspoor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8661-1544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109390","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","ror":"https://ror.org/02meqm098","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089594","display_name":"Spanish National Cancer Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvhmc43","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU","ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Verspoor","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I86501945","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4210109390","https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076813284","display_name":"Thomas C. Wiegers","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089594","display_name":"Spanish National Cancer Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvhmc43","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109390","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","ror":"https://ror.org/02meqm098","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["AU","ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. C. Wiegers","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I86501945","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4210109390","https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053761444","display_name":"Cathy Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6379-8601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109390","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","ror":"https://ror.org/02meqm098","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089594","display_name":"Spanish National Cancer Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvhmc43","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}],"countries":["AU","ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. H. Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I86501945","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4210109390","https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111895206","display_name":"W. John Wilbur","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089594","display_name":"Spanish National Cancer Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvhmc43","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109390","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","ror":"https://ror.org/02meqm098","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU","ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. J. Wilbur","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, 3Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA, 4Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, 5Structural and Computational Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain, 6Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA, 7Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland, 8National ICT Australia (NICTA), Victoria Research Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia and 9Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I86501945","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4210109390","https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":15,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111968060"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210089594","https://openalex.org/I4210109390","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I86501945","https://openalex.org/I921990950"],"apc_list":{"value":1415,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1735},"apc_paid":{"value":1415,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1735},"fwci":11.0808,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":180,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99010883,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2013","issue":"0","first_page":"bat064","last_page":"bat064"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.871917188167572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.6999608874320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.534402072429657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.5250492095947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5249933004379272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-extraction","display_name":"Information extraction","score":0.5230653882026672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5227063894271851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.5218523740768433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5056290626525879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-processing","display_name":"Text processing","score":0.4796593487262726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.45897406339645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45580601692199707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3530155420303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2773817777633667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.871917188167572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.6999608874320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.534402072429657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.5250492095947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5249933004379272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.5230653882026672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5227063894271851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5218523740768433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5056290626525879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779500292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14802672","display_name":"Text processing","level":2,"score":0.4796593487262726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.45897406339645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45580601692199707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3530155420303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2773817777633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/database/bat064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/database/bat064","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/database/article-pdf/doi/10.1093/database/bat064/16734311/bat064.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201630","display_name":"Database","issn_l":"1758-0463","issn":["1758-0463"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311647","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Database","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24048470","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24048470","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Database : the journal of biological databases and curation","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/11879601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11879601","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401540","display_name":"Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","host_organization_name":"Harvard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.5167/uzh-91879","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2875756","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3889917","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:jupiter.its.unimelb.edu.au:11343/268817","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11343/268817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196259","display_name":"Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","host_organization_name":"The University of Melbourne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3889917","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3889917","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Database (Oxford)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.5167/uzh-91879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-91879","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051291","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Z\u00fcrich, ZORA","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/database/bat064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/database/bat064","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/database/article-pdf/doi/10.1093/database/bat064/16734311/bat064.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201630","display_name":"Database","issn_l":"1758-0463","issn":["1758-0463"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311647","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Database","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1565274940","display_name":"Estimation des d\u00e9bits d'\u00e9tiage sur des cours d'eau sans mesures directes","funder_award_id":"10531","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2003949275","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DBI-1062520","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G250864464","display_name":"Intelligent computational control for complex structures","funder_award_id":"105315","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2553168204","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LM008111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G533832786","display_name":"Semi-automated semantic enrichment of biomedical literature","funder_award_id":"130558","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G547908908","display_name":"Untersuchung der Einfl\u00fcsse von R\u00fcckl\u00e4ufen in kommunalen Kl\u00e4ranlagen","funder_award_id":"10625","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5870083451","display_name":"ABI Development: Integrative Bioinformatics for Knowledge Discovery of PTM Networks","funder_award_id":"1062520","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5976505316","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LM009254","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7958297279","display_name":"Einfluss der Kaltwasserr\u00fcckgabe von W\u00e4rmepumpen auf den Chemismus und das Selbstreinigungsver- m\u00f6gen im Grundwasser","funder_award_id":"10720","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2104148262.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2104148262.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W657583424","https://openalex.org/W1578602907","https://openalex.org/W1674586686","https://openalex.org/W1967768610","https://openalex.org/W1986579413","https://openalex.org/W1991154713","https://openalex.org/W1997306212","https://openalex.org/W2022484638","https://openalex.org/W2024940313","https://openalex.org/W2032566933","https://openalex.org/W2047782770","https://openalex.org/W2056616115","https://openalex.org/W2061167720","https://openalex.org/W2076498403","https://openalex.org/W2096297868","https://openalex.org/W2096797897","https://openalex.org/W2100644624","https://openalex.org/W2101727078","https://openalex.org/W2102395374","https://openalex.org/W2103147879","https://openalex.org/W2105481534","https://openalex.org/W2107005506","https://openalex.org/W2110432411","https://openalex.org/W2112331707","https://openalex.org/W2114702301","https://openalex.org/W2117770626","https://openalex.org/W2118582067","https://openalex.org/W2120253533","https://openalex.org/W2121844933","https://openalex.org/W2124001239","https://openalex.org/W2125552472","https://openalex.org/W2126276057","https://openalex.org/W2127014487","https://openalex.org/W2127241285","https://openalex.org/W2131887446","https://openalex.org/W2132180308","https://openalex.org/W2133431243","https://openalex.org/W2134967412","https://openalex.org/W2135455794","https://openalex.org/W2137937634","https://openalex.org/W2147641929","https://openalex.org/W2152228269","https://openalex.org/W2152398020","https://openalex.org/W2158418435","https://openalex.org/W2159980159","https://openalex.org/W2163965404","https://openalex.org/W2164666853","https://openalex.org/W2166817943","https://openalex.org/W2170325779","https://openalex.org/W2171278097","https://openalex.org/W2178441628","https://openalex.org/W2180034260","https://openalex.org/W2251841800","https://openalex.org/W2263893547","https://openalex.org/W2275130660","https://openalex.org/W2426119782","https://openalex.org/W2467554564","https://openalex.org/W2488680964","https://openalex.org/W2912026815","https://openalex.org/W2914463643","https://openalex.org/W2951273630","https://openalex.org/W2970030445","https://openalex.org/W3086319913"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361861616","https://openalex.org/W1989010305","https://openalex.org/W1837359179","https://openalex.org/W2165504147","https://openalex.org/W3183077996","https://openalex.org/W2619791004","https://openalex.org/W2113949609","https://openalex.org/W1968750695","https://openalex.org/W4385504528","https://openalex.org/W3214906853"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"vast":[1],"amount":[2],"of":[3,15,58,151,161],"scientific":[4],"information":[5,59],"is":[6,24,125],"encoded":[7],"in":[8,37,112,215],"natural":[9],"language":[10,42,118,135,195],"text,":[11],"and":[12,44,56,73,97,108,121,141,170,188,197,219],"the":[13,34,38,53,110,213],"quantity":[14],"such":[16,86,165],"text":[17,45,78,122,139],"has":[18,63],"become":[19,49],"so":[20],"great":[21],"that":[22],"it":[23,186,190],"no":[25],"longer":[26],"economically":[27],"feasible":[28],"to":[29,51,65,69,74,84,105,137,154,181,192,211],"have":[30,48],"a":[31,101,113,131,148],"human":[32],"as":[33,166,206,208],"first":[35],"step":[36],"search":[39,54],"process.":[40],"Natural":[41],"processing":[43,119],"mining":[46,123],"tools":[47,72,124],"essential":[50],"facilitate":[52],"for":[55],"extraction":[57],"from":[60,187],"text.":[61],"This":[62],"led":[64],"vigorous":[66],"research":[67],"efforts":[68,92],"create":[70,75],"useful":[71],"humanly":[76],"labeled":[77],"corpora,":[79],"which":[80],"can":[81],"be":[82,155],"used":[83],"improve":[85],"tools.":[87],"To":[88],"encourage":[89],"combining":[90],"these":[91],"into":[93],"larger,":[94],"more":[95,98],"powerful":[96],"capable":[99],"systems,":[100],"common":[102],"interchange":[103],"format":[104,136],"represent,":[106],"store":[107],"exchange":[109],"data":[111,220],"simple":[114,132,179],"manner":[115],"between":[116,172],"different":[117,152],"systems":[120],"highly":[126],"desirable.":[127],"Here":[128],"we":[129,177],"propose":[130],"extensible":[133,193],"mark-up":[134,194],"share":[138],"documents":[140],"annotations.":[142],"The":[143],"proposed":[144],"annotation":[145],"approach":[146,214],"allows":[147],"large":[149],"number":[150],"annotations":[153],"represented":[156],"including":[157],"sentences,":[158],"tokens,":[159],"parts":[160],"speech,":[162],"named":[163,173],"entities":[164],"genes":[167],"or":[168],"diseases":[169],"relationships":[171],"entities.":[174],"In":[175],"addition,":[176],"provide":[178],"code":[180],"hold":[182],"this":[183],"data,":[184],"read":[185],"write":[189],"back":[191],"files":[196],"perform":[198],"some":[199],"sample":[200],"processing.":[201],"We":[202],"also":[203],"describe":[204],"completed":[205],"well":[207],"ongoing":[209],"work":[210],"apply":[212],"several":[216],"directions.":[217],"Code":[218],"are":[221],"available":[222],"at":[223],"http://bioc.sourceforge.net/.":[224],"Database":[225],"URL:":[226],"http://bioc.sourceforge.net/":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}