{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414509436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/database/baaf058","title":"A review on Gene Ontology evaluations","display_name":"A review on Gene Ontology evaluations","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414509436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/database/baaf058","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40996702"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/database/baaf058","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/database/baaf058","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/database/article-pdf/doi/10.1093/database/baaf058/64394765/baaf058.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201630","display_name":"Database","issn_l":"1758-0463","issn":["1758-0463"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311647","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Database","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/database/article-pdf/doi/10.1093/database/baaf058/64394765/baaf058.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046042631","display_name":"Borja Pitarch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5220-8810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104776","display_name":"Centro Nacional de Biotecnolog\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/015w4v032","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210104776"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Borja Pitarch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Systems Biology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC) , 28049 Madrid ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Systems Biology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC) , 28049 Madrid ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104776"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030602787","display_name":"M\u00f3nica Chagoyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6911-1591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104776","display_name":"Centro Nacional de Biotecnolog\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/015w4v032","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210104776"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M\u00f3nica Chagoyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Systems Biology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC) , 28049 Madrid ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Systems Biology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC) , 28049 Madrid ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104776"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065049632","display_name":"Juan A. G. Ranea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0327-1837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149999","display_name":"Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology","ror":"https://ror.org/04enqja79","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149999"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161579","display_name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n de Enfermedades Raras","ror":"https://ror.org/05mwdqq98","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801357902","https://openalex.org/I4210161579","https://openalex.org/I4387152914"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163572","display_name":"Elixir Medical (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hgx8v86","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163572"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan A G Ranea","raw_affiliation_strings":["CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , 28029 Madrid ,","Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga and Platform of Nanomedicine (IBIMA Platform BIONAND) , 29071 Malaga ,","Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute (INB/ELIXIR-ES) , 08034 Barcelona ,","University of M\u00e1laga Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, , 29071 M\u00e1laga ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , 28029 Madrid ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161579"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga and Platform of Nanomedicine (IBIMA Platform BIONAND) , 29071 Malaga ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149999"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute (INB/ELIXIR-ES) , 08034 Barcelona ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163572"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of M\u00e1laga Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, , 29071 M\u00e1laga ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062274087","display_name":"Florencio Pazos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2646-6226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104776","display_name":"Centro Nacional de Biotecnolog\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/015w4v032","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210104776"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florencio Pazos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Systems Biology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC) , 28049 Madrid ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2646-6226","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Systems Biology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC) , 28049 Madrid ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104776"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1415,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1735},"apc_paid":{"value":1415,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1735},"fwci":6.2667,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97072427,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedicine","display_name":"Biomedicine","score":0.6323999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.5849000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controlled-vocabulary","display_name":"Controlled vocabulary","score":0.5482000112533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-database","display_name":"Biological database","score":0.5331000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5037000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.4893999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-ontology","display_name":"Gene ontology","score":0.48010000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4690999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.461899995803833}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6468999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66782513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864601","display_name":"Biomedicine","level":2,"score":0.6323999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.5849000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110615152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469824","display_name":"Controlled vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.5482000112533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20901353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117139","display_name":"Biological database","level":2,"score":0.5331000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.511900007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5037000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.4893999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987395477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135085","display_name":"Gene ontology","level":4,"score":0.48010000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4690999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.461899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152662350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815297","display_name":"Systems biology","level":2,"score":0.4503999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4449000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62177273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5531556","display_name":"Gene nomenclature","level":4,"score":0.42590001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4194999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.39579999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776050585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7439360","display_name":"Scrutiny","level":2,"score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201797286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4914986","display_name":"Biological data","level":2,"score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137982476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7072326","display_name":"Open Biomedical Ontologies","level":5,"score":0.3601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.34610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908923196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5205742","display_name":"Gene Annotation","level":4,"score":0.32420000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72634772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386824","display_name":"Data integration","level":2,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137866125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4299308","display_name":"Modelling biological systems","level":3,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78780964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7233193","display_name":"Position paper","level":2,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189206191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222046","display_name":"Genomics","level":4,"score":0.26919999718666077}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030541","descriptor_name":"Databases, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058977","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Annotation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063990","descriptor_name":"Gene Ontology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063990","descriptor_name":"Gene Ontology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063990","descriptor_name":"Gene Ontology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063990","descriptor_name":"Gene Ontology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063990","descriptor_name":"Gene Ontology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/database/baaf058","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/database/baaf058","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/database/article-pdf/doi/10.1093/database/baaf058/64394765/baaf058.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201630","display_name":"Database","issn_l":"1758-0463","issn":["1758-0463"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311647","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Database","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40996702","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40996702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Database : the journal of biological databases and curation","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/412917","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/412917","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400616","display_name":"DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I134820265","host_organization_name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11270884","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12462381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12462381","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12462381/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Database (Oxford)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/database/baaf058","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/database/baaf058","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/database/article-pdf/doi/10.1093/database/baaf058/64394765/baaf058.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201630","display_name":"Database","issn_l":"1758-0463","issn":["1758-0463"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311647","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Database","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4127568657","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2022-140047OB-C22","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4675979925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2022-140047OB-C21","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8326448714","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2022-140047OB-C21","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414509436.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414509436.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1236321187","https://openalex.org/W1490161904","https://openalex.org/W1527927437","https://openalex.org/W1646048262","https://openalex.org/W1836367264","https://openalex.org/W1845814381","https://openalex.org/W1969353942","https://openalex.org/W1974896839","https://openalex.org/W1981021538","https://openalex.org/W1993393468","https://openalex.org/W1995020307","https://openalex.org/W2024119959","https://openalex.org/W2041428546","https://openalex.org/W2045220705","https://openalex.org/W2045729458","https://openalex.org/W2050351333","https://openalex.org/W2050721857","https://openalex.org/W2068800403","https://openalex.org/W2087729537","https://openalex.org/W2093541638","https://openalex.org/W2094008098","https://openalex.org/W2100017293","https://openalex.org/W2103017472","https://openalex.org/W2103260426","https://openalex.org/W2104340625","https://openalex.org/W2112479620","https://openalex.org/W2117844868","https://openalex.org/W2123152121","https://openalex.org/W2124436241","https://openalex.org/W2125383951","https://openalex.org/W2129287762","https://openalex.org/W2131776976","https://openalex.org/W2143962926","https://openalex.org/W2153384970","https://openalex.org/W2157471305","https://openalex.org/W2169258434","https://openalex.org/W2194675750","https://openalex.org/W2259938310","https://openalex.org/W2260376738","https://openalex.org/W2267374784","https://openalex.org/W2402498766","https://openalex.org/W2531566782","https://openalex.org/W2547565465","https://openalex.org/W2548467786","https://openalex.org/W2564383161","https://openalex.org/W2604808360","https://openalex.org/W2604823638","https://openalex.org/W2772613326","https://openalex.org/W2791800558","https://openalex.org/W2910111050","https://openalex.org/W2950458545","https://openalex.org/W2950595506","https://openalex.org/W2953131636","https://openalex.org/W2953367535","https://openalex.org/W2973232653","https://openalex.org/W2989608901","https://openalex.org/W3182807823","https://openalex.org/W3209096484","https://openalex.org/W4224052267","https://openalex.org/W4323036511","https://openalex.org/W4383742226","https://openalex.org/W4400140872","https://openalex.org/W4403458599","https://openalex.org/W4407956796"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,24],"analysis":[1,46,64],"of":[2,15,56,65,112,138,144],"the":[3,36,53,60,80,96,124,163,179],"large":[4,66],"and":[5,33,59,87,103,127,160],"heterogeneous":[6],"datasets":[7,68],"that":[8,154,178],"characterize":[9],"modern":[10,77,168],"biology":[11,32,78],"demands":[12],"systems":[13],"capable":[14],"representing":[16],"biological":[17,122,149],"knowledge":[18],"in":[19,30,42,52,76,98,147],"a":[20],"formal,":[21],"standardized":[22],"manner.":[23],"most":[25],"widely":[26],"used":[27],"structured":[28],"vocabulary":[29],"molecular":[31],"biomedicine":[34],"is":[35,51,82,158],"Gene":[37],"Ontology":[38],"(GO).":[39],"Although":[40],"employed":[41],"many":[43],"different":[44],"data":[45],"tasks,":[47],"its":[48,92,139,145],"main":[49],"application":[50],"functional":[54,62],"annotation":[55],"gene":[57,104],"products":[58],"subsequent":[61],"enrichment":[63],"gene/protein":[67],"derived":[69],"from":[70,109,135],"omics":[71],"experiments.":[72],"This":[73,151],"key":[74,176],"position":[75],"means":[79],"GO":[81,180],"subject":[83],"to":[84,142,162],"continuous":[85],"scrutiny":[86],"improvement,":[88],"not":[89],"only":[90],"by":[91,95,167],"developers":[93],"but":[94],"community":[97],"general.":[99],"GO's":[100],"vocabulary,":[101],"structure,":[102],"annotations":[105],"have":[106],"been":[107],"evaluated":[108],"multiple":[110],"points":[111],"view,":[113],"revealing":[114],"important":[115],"insights":[116],"into":[117],"how":[118],"we":[119,173],"organize":[120],"our":[121],"knowledge,":[123],"associated":[125],"problems,":[126],"strategies":[128],"for":[129],"overcoming":[130],"them.":[131],"These":[132],"evaluations":[133,177],"range":[134],"technical":[136],"analyses":[137],"ontological":[140],"architecture":[141],"assessments":[143],"effectiveness":[146],"supporting":[148],"research.":[150],"process":[152],"ensures":[153],"this":[155,171],"essential":[156],"resource":[157],"updated":[159],"adapted":[161],"new":[164],"challenges":[165],"posed":[166],"biology.":[169],"In":[170],"review,":[172],"summarize":[174],"some":[175],"has":[181],"undergone":[182],"over":[183],"time.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T07:54:00.901334","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}