{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2978430567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyz012","title":"Past behavior and future judgements: seizing and freezing in response to cyber operations","display_name":"Past behavior and future judgements: seizing and freezing in response to cyber operations","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2978430567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyz012","mag":"2978430567"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyz012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyz012","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article-pdf/5/1/tyz012/30076885/tyz012.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735156331","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2057-2085","issn":["2057-2085","2057-2093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article-pdf/5/1/tyz012/30076885/tyz012.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000685748","display_name":"Miguel Alberto Gomez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8575-2188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Alberto Gomez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Security Studies, ETH Zurich, Haldeneggsteig 4, Zuerich, 8092, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8575-2188","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Security Studies, ETH Zurich, Haldeneggsteig 4, Zuerich, 8092, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000685748"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"apc_list":{"value":1864,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1864},"apc_paid":{"value":1864,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1864},"fwci":12.5228,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98205693,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10994","display_name":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","score":0.9725000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyberspace","display_name":"Cyberspace","score":0.832152247428894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offensive","display_name":"Offensive","score":0.7913298606872559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenomenon","display_name":"Phenomenon","score":0.6903265118598938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attribution","display_name":"Attribution","score":0.6428595781326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attributive","display_name":"Attributive","score":0.5168622136116028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4907172918319702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.35371309518814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3532137870788574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.32884636521339417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.3258127272129059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.2981921434402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23424053192138672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.20602470636367798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.19937390089035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.11055436730384827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.10550230741500854}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781241145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204606","display_name":"Cyberspace","level":3,"score":0.832152247428894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176856949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001676","display_name":"Offensive","level":2,"score":0.7913298606872559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.6903265118598938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143299363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900584","display_name":"Attribution","level":2,"score":0.6428595781326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778854177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4818723","display_name":"Attributive","level":2,"score":0.5168622136116028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4907172918319702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.35371309518814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3532137870788574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.32884636521339417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3258127272129059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2981921434402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23424053192138672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.20602470636367798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.19937390089035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.11055436730384827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.10550230741500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyz012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyz012","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article-pdf/5/1/tyz012/30076885/tyz012.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735156331","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2057-2085","issn":["2057-2085","2057-2093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research-collection.ethz.ch:20.500.11850/443549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/443549","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402302","display_name":"Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","host_organization_name":"ETH Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity, 5 (1)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000443549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000443549","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051236","display_name":"ETH Z\u00fcrich Research Collection","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyz012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyz012","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article-pdf/5/1/tyz012/30076885/tyz012.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735156331","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2057-2085","issn":["2057-2085","2057-2093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2978430567.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W74365265","https://openalex.org/W95530190","https://openalex.org/W265253114","https://openalex.org/W284513564","https://openalex.org/W295629096","https://openalex.org/W581367218","https://openalex.org/W582220661","https://openalex.org/W636366260","https://openalex.org/W942274081","https://openalex.org/W1510448193","https://openalex.org/W1524127453","https://openalex.org/W1525904113","https://openalex.org/W1746788904","https://openalex.org/W1946529546","https://openalex.org/W1969001977","https://openalex.org/W1971440513","https://openalex.org/W1973976604","https://openalex.org/W1976892625","https://openalex.org/W1983532895","https://openalex.org/W1988631338","https://openalex.org/W1993552828","https://openalex.org/W1993595248","https://openalex.org/W1994106556","https://openalex.org/W2021271139","https://openalex.org/W2023400282","https://openalex.org/W2044098639","https://openalex.org/W2047250647","https://openalex.org/W2049473170","https://openalex.org/W2057700074","https://openalex.org/W2060490410","https://openalex.org/W2064208333","https://openalex.org/W2067559064","https://openalex.org/W2076744904","https://openalex.org/W2080211902","https://openalex.org/W2088480866","https://openalex.org/W2093638640","https://openalex.org/W2094972987","https://openalex.org/W2101903660","https://openalex.org/W2109312871","https://openalex.org/W2112726096","https://openalex.org/W2114817810","https://openalex.org/W2115281393","https://openalex.org/W2125004618","https://openalex.org/W2126510726","https://openalex.org/W2130351304","https://openalex.org/W2152040443","https://openalex.org/W2153322464","https://openalex.org/W2159292941","https://openalex.org/W2159548560","https://openalex.org/W2163512969","https://openalex.org/W2172299554","https://openalex.org/W2178752668","https://openalex.org/W2309067248","https://openalex.org/W2324863249","https://openalex.org/W2328418989","https://openalex.org/W2332125581","https://openalex.org/W2332210183","https://openalex.org/W2337649859","https://openalex.org/W2399852725","https://openalex.org/W2483028755","https://openalex.org/W2486716845","https://openalex.org/W2523330182","https://openalex.org/W2585166575","https://openalex.org/W2585292421","https://openalex.org/W2602213083","https://openalex.org/W2605947480","https://openalex.org/W2606768204","https://openalex.org/W2613636616","https://openalex.org/W2621504074","https://openalex.org/W2767475871","https://openalex.org/W2798739120","https://openalex.org/W2800538285","https://openalex.org/W2808016841","https://openalex.org/W2904859724","https://openalex.org/W2925118518","https://openalex.org/W3012284744","https://openalex.org/W3121340552","https://openalex.org/W3209526313","https://openalex.org/W4211170446","https://openalex.org/W4235553024","https://openalex.org/W4239245461","https://openalex.org/W4246576670","https://openalex.org/W4247764957","https://openalex.org/W4292811746","https://openalex.org/W4293117802","https://openalex.org/W4301958211","https://openalex.org/W6631563890","https://openalex.org/W6726689969","https://openalex.org/W6727362346","https://openalex.org/W6746130355","https://openalex.org/W6803356057","https://openalex.org/W6820668274"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364844241","https://openalex.org/W2389925729","https://openalex.org/W2348135858","https://openalex.org/W2359858346","https://openalex.org/W2377626060","https://openalex.org/W2368327626","https://openalex.org/W2380547787","https://openalex.org/W2463277218","https://openalex.org/W2363062898","https://openalex.org/W2375225369"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"use":[2],"of":[3,43,53,66,72,83,109,113],"cyber":[4,27,74,96],"operations":[5],"as":[6],"a":[7,40],"foreign":[8],"policy":[9],"instrument":[10],"continues":[11],"to":[12,33,89,94,100,105,128,134],"stimulate":[13],"academic":[14],"interest":[15],"towards":[16],"interstate":[17],"behavior":[18],"in":[19,25,69,92,126],"this":[20,44,61],"domain.":[21],"With":[22,98],"continued":[23],"investment":[24],"offensive":[26],"capabilities,":[28],"there":[29],"is":[30],"an":[31],"urgency":[32],"provide":[34],"both":[35],"academics":[36],"and":[37,85,130],"policy-makers":[38],"with":[39,87],"better":[41],"grasp":[42],"phenomenon.":[45],"While":[46],"the":[47,51,64,70,81,102,106,110,118,121,132],"past":[48],"decade":[49],"saw":[50],"growth":[52],"frameworks":[54],"that":[55,137],"highlight":[56],"systemic":[57],"and/or":[58],"technological":[59],"factors,":[60],"article":[62],"investigates":[63],"role":[65],"pre-existing":[67],"beliefs":[68],"attribution":[71],"malicious":[73],"operations.":[75,97],"Through":[76],"survey":[77],"experiments,":[78],"it":[79],"highlights":[80],"phenomenon":[82],"seizing":[84],"freezing":[86],"respect":[88,99],"attributive":[90],"judgements":[91,125],"response":[93,127],"degradative":[95],"theory,":[101],"results":[103,119],"contribute":[104],"emerging":[107],"study":[108],"cognitive\u2013affective":[111],"aspects":[112],"cyberspace.":[114],"As":[115],"for":[116,123],"policy,":[117],"illustrate":[120],"potential":[122],"biased":[124],"incidents":[129],"reinforces":[131],"need":[133],"develop":[135],"mechanisms":[136],"minimize":[138],"its":[139],"impact":[140],"on":[141],"state":[142],"behavior.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}