{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2918490372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyz002","title":"Content analysis of cyber insurance policies: how do carriers price cyber risk?","display_name":"Content analysis of cyber insurance policies: how do carriers price cyber risk?","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2918490372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyz002","mag":"2918490372"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyz002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyz002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735156331","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2057-2085","issn":["2057-2085","2057-2093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyz002","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002725626","display_name":"Sasha Romanosky","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309849503","display_name":"RAND Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/00f2z7n96","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sasha Romanosky","raw_affiliation_strings":["RAND Corporation, 1200 South Hayes St, Arlington VA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RAND Corporation, 1200 South Hayes St, Arlington VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023742835","display_name":"Lillian Ablon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309849503","display_name":"RAND Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/00f2z7n96","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lillian Ablon","raw_affiliation_strings":["RAND Corporation, 1200 South Hayes St, Arlington VA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RAND Corporation, 1200 South Hayes St, Arlington VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066106739","display_name":"Andreas Kuehn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309849503","display_name":"RAND Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/00f2z7n96","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Kuehn","raw_affiliation_strings":["RAND Corporation, 1200 South Hayes St, Arlington VA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RAND Corporation, 1200 South Hayes St, Arlington VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021723575","display_name":"Therese Jones","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309849503","display_name":"RAND Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/00f2z7n96","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Therese Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["RAND Corporation, 1200 South Hayes St, Arlington VA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RAND Corporation, 1200 South Hayes St, Arlington VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002725626"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"],"apc_list":{"value":2094,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2094},"apc_paid":{"value":2094,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2094},"fwci":28.4418,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":194,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99536789,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwriting","display_name":"Underwriting","score":0.7367510795593262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.6711612343788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.6178259253501892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuarial-science","display_name":"Actuarial science","score":0.5443390011787415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-analysis","display_name":"Thematic analysis","score":0.5251486301422119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insurance-policy","display_name":"Insurance policy","score":0.48648449778556824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-underwriting","display_name":"Medical underwriting","score":0.4744861125946045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-breach","display_name":"Data breach","score":0.4346832036972046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.29297977685928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-insurance","display_name":"General insurance","score":0.2635906934738159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-research","display_name":"Qualitative research","score":0.2242196500301361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-protection-insurance","display_name":"Income protection insurance","score":0.15277421474456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.11932805180549622}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26503482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1898080","display_name":"Underwriting","level":2,"score":0.7367510795593262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6711612343788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.6178259253501892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.5443390011787415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.5251486301422119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68799949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q977871","display_name":"Insurance policy","level":2,"score":0.48648449778556824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157763539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6806621","display_name":"Medical underwriting","level":5,"score":0.4744861125946045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165609540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172486","display_name":"Data breach","level":2,"score":0.4346832036972046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.29297977685928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14293393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2663825","display_name":"General insurance","level":3,"score":0.2635906934738159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.2242196500301361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101615574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17055997","display_name":"Income protection insurance","level":4,"score":0.15277421474456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11932805180549622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyz002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyz002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735156331","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2057-2085","issn":["2057-2085","2057-2093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyz002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyz002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735156331","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2057-2085","issn":["2057-2085","2057-2093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307873","display_name":"William and Flora Hewlett Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04hd1y677"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73527706","https://openalex.org/W81685006","https://openalex.org/W1481723484","https://openalex.org/W1738749088","https://openalex.org/W1924618820","https://openalex.org/W1969962511","https://openalex.org/W1983981789","https://openalex.org/W2129660502","https://openalex.org/W2156983464","https://openalex.org/W2164319876","https://openalex.org/W2329395632","https://openalex.org/W2508605860","https://openalex.org/W2734999728","https://openalex.org/W2769411684","https://openalex.org/W3101140419","https://openalex.org/W3121234917","https://openalex.org/W3126090171","https://openalex.org/W6628551585","https://openalex.org/W6639335331","https://openalex.org/W6684319711","https://openalex.org/W6725322762","https://openalex.org/W6814551917"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4321640521","https://openalex.org/W2285272889","https://openalex.org/W2366048274","https://openalex.org/W2147308701","https://openalex.org/W3118742430","https://openalex.org/W191733520","https://openalex.org/W4324125549","https://openalex.org/W2418595445","https://openalex.org/W1964477842","https://openalex.org/W13199227"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Data":[0],"breaches":[1],"and":[2,13,59,87,93,114,130,147,163,191,197],"security":[3],"incidents":[4],"have":[5],"become":[6],"commonplace,":[7],"with":[8,110],"thousands":[9],"occurring":[10],"each":[11],"year":[12],"some":[14],"costing":[15],"hundreds":[16],"of":[17,19,56,68,184],"millions":[18],"dollars.":[20],"Consequently,":[21],"the":[22,33,53,57,81,161,171,179,185],"market":[23],"for":[24,188],"insuring":[25],"against":[26],"these":[27,96,175],"losses":[28,123],"has":[29],"grown":[30],"rapidly":[31],"in":[32,142],"past":[34],"decade.":[35],"While":[36],"there":[37],"exists":[38],"much":[39],"theoretical":[40],"literature":[41],"about":[42,52,84,160],"cyber":[43,63,85,106,127,151,189,199],"insurance,":[44],"very":[45],"little":[46],"practical":[47],"information":[48,83],"is":[49,70],"publicly":[50],"available":[51],"actual":[54],"content":[55],"polices":[58],"how":[60,89,149,193],"carriers":[61,75,138],"price":[62,198],"insurance":[64,74,107,112,128,152,190,194],"premiums.":[65],"This":[66],"lack":[67],"transparency":[69],"especially":[71],"troubling":[72],"because":[73],"are":[76,124,132,150,167],"often":[77],"cited":[78],"as":[79],"having":[80],"best":[82],"risk,":[86],"know":[88],"to":[90,119,140,144,169],"assess":[91,145],"\u2013":[92,95,155],"differentiate":[94],"risks":[97],"across":[98],"firms.":[99],"In":[100],"this":[101],"qualitative":[102,182],"research,":[103],"we":[104,177],"examined":[105],"policies":[108],"filed":[109],"state":[111],"commissioners":[113],"performed":[115],"thematic":[116],"(content)":[117],"analysis":[118,183],"determine":[120],"(i)":[121],"what":[122,135,158],"covered":[125],"by":[126],"policies,":[129,176],"which":[131],"excluded?;":[133],"(ii)":[134],"questions":[136],"do":[137],"pose":[139],"applicants":[141],"order":[143],"risk?;":[146],"(iii)":[148],"premiums":[153],"determined":[154],"that":[156],"is,":[157],"factors":[159],"firm":[162],"its":[164],"cybersecurity":[165],"practices":[166],"used":[168],"compute":[170],"premiums?":[172],"By":[173],"analyzing":[174],"provide":[178],"first-ever":[180],"systematic":[181],"underwriting":[186],"process":[187],"uncover":[192],"companies":[195],"understand":[196],"risks.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
