{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2922087317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyz001","title":"Cybersecurity education in a developing nation: the Ecuadorian environment","display_name":"Cybersecurity education in a developing nation: the Ecuadorian environment","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2922087317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyz001","mag":"2922087317"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyz001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyz001","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article-pdf/5/1/tyz001/28086821/tyz001.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735156331","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2057-2085","issn":["2057-2085","2057-2093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article-pdf/5/1/tyz001/28086821/tyz001.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010992567","display_name":"Frankie E Catota","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5459901","display_name":"Universidad Internacional SEK","ror":"https://ror.org/00nk5y742","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5459901"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["EC","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Frankie E Catota","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, PA, USA","Engineering Department, Universidad Internacional SEK, Quito, Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, Universidad Internacional SEK, Quito, Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5459901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030880091","display_name":"M. Granger Morgan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1384-5814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Granger Morgan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076697184","display_name":"Douglas Sicker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0296-5212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas C Sicker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010992567"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5459901","https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":{"value":1864,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1864},"apc_paid":{"value":1864,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1864},"fwci":10.5779,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":90,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98183378,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workforce","display_name":"Workforce","score":0.632086992263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.6080723404884338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.5725064277648926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.5128960609436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outsourcing","display_name":"Outsourcing","score":0.5119644403457642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.460194855928421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stakeholder","display_name":"Stakeholder","score":0.433065265417099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"Corporate governance","score":0.42520102858543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workforce-development","display_name":"Workforce development","score":0.41085922718048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.35296371579170227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24577826261520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.1897602677345276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.12439072132110596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.632086992263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6080723404884338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.5725064277648926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5128960609436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.5119644403457642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.460194855928421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201305675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852998","display_name":"Stakeholder","level":2,"score":0.433065265417099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.42520102858543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779968149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034851","display_name":"Workforce development","level":3,"score":0.41085922718048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.35296371579170227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24577826261520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.1897602677345276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.12439072132110596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyz001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyz001","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article-pdf/5/1/tyz001/28086821/tyz001.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735156331","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2057-2085","issn":["2057-2085","2057-2093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyz001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyz001","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article-pdf/5/1/tyz001/28086821/tyz001.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735156331","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2057-2085","issn":["2057-2085","2057-2093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W103313783","https://openalex.org/W620042716","https://openalex.org/W1697299296","https://openalex.org/W1714723801","https://openalex.org/W1848800185","https://openalex.org/W1854516398","https://openalex.org/W2026351309","https://openalex.org/W2042454781","https://openalex.org/W2068180031","https://openalex.org/W2148259798","https://openalex.org/W2169641665","https://openalex.org/W2265234631","https://openalex.org/W2338429729","https://openalex.org/W2486849304","https://openalex.org/W2496834108","https://openalex.org/W3011360145","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6604176313","https://openalex.org/W6637335211","https://openalex.org/W6638972260","https://openalex.org/W6661016559","https://openalex.org/W6685070789","https://openalex.org/W6703867362","https://openalex.org/W6724017787"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1573400912","https://openalex.org/W3124297489","https://openalex.org/W2591374250","https://openalex.org/W2084937878","https://openalex.org/W2094416892","https://openalex.org/W1557784891","https://openalex.org/W2129038893","https://openalex.org/W4232682384","https://openalex.org/W4386731617","https://openalex.org/W2384464006"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,55,175],"ability":[1,168],"to":[2,36,41,169,229,268],"prevent":[3],"successful":[4],"cyber":[5],"attacks":[6],"against":[7],"a":[8,17,48,63,204,216,265],"nation\u2019s":[9],"critical":[10],"infrastructure":[11],"depends":[12],"on":[13,23,61,74,92],"the":[14,76,83,117,128,131,137,158],"availability":[15],"of":[16,85,95,108,121,130,157],"skilled":[18],"cyber-literate":[19],"workforce,":[20],"and":[21,51,142,191,223,242,254],"therefore,":[22],"an":[24,200],"educational":[25,102,119,233],"system":[26,120,138,263],"that":[27,78,177,209],"can":[28,225],"build":[29],"such":[30],"capabilities.":[31],"While":[32],"it":[33],"is":[34,46,147,199],"possible":[35],"hire":[37],"foreign":[38],"nationals":[39],"or":[40],"outsource":[42],"many":[43],"operations,":[44],"this":[45,111],"not":[47],"sustainable":[49],"solution":[50],"raises":[52],"other":[53],"concerns.":[54],"current":[56,196],"literature":[57],"provides":[58],"strategic":[59],"guidelines":[60],"developing":[62,89],"national":[64,205,231],"cybersecurity":[65,86,125,145,179,183,206,232,243,255,273],"workforce;":[66],"however,":[67],"there":[68,198],"has":[69],"been":[70],"relatively":[71],"little":[72],"research":[73,250],"identifying":[75],"factors":[77],"are":[79,139],"responsible":[80],"for":[81,135,203,270],"impeding":[82],"development":[84],"education":[87,146,180,207,262],"in":[88,123,150,165,219,259],"economies.":[90],"Based":[91],"qualitative":[93],"analysis":[94],"data":[96],"from":[97,104],"28":[98],"semi-structured":[99],"interviews":[100],"with":[101,172],"leaders":[103],"thirteen":[105,159],"Ecuadorian":[106],"institutions":[107],"higher":[109,118,261],"education,":[110],"article":[112],"explores":[113],"challenges":[114,176],"faced":[115],"by":[116],"Ecuador":[122],"advancing":[124,271],"education.":[126],"On":[127],"basis":[129],"insights":[132],"gained,":[133],"opportunities":[134],"enhancing":[136],"then":[140],"identified":[141],"discussed.":[143],"Today":[144],"mostly":[148],"elementary":[149],"Ecuador.":[151],"Nationwide,":[152],"interviewees":[153],"at":[154],"only":[155],"four":[156],"universities":[160],"studied":[161],"expressed":[162],"some":[163],"confidence":[164],"their":[166],"institution\u2019s":[167],"provide":[170],"students":[171],"reasonable":[173],"preparation.":[174],"domestic":[178],"faces":[181],"include:":[182],"skills,":[184],"structural":[185],"capabilities,":[186],"social":[187],"integration,":[188],"economic":[189],"resources,":[190],"governance":[192],"capacity.":[193],"To":[194],"enhance":[195],"preparation,":[197],"urgent":[201],"need":[202],"strategy":[208],"bolsters":[210],"multiple":[211],"initiatives":[212,236],"as":[213,215,246,248],"well":[214,247],"multi-stakeholder":[217],"space":[218],"which":[220],"government,":[221],"industry,":[222],"academia":[224],"actively":[226],"work":[227],"together":[228],"address":[230],"requirements.":[234],"Further":[235],"should":[237],"include":[238],"strengthening":[239],"educators\u2019":[240],"training":[241],"academic":[244,272],"programs,":[245],"advocating":[249],"(and":[251],"development)":[252],"capabilities":[253],"awareness.":[256],"Recent":[257],"revisions":[258],"Ecuador\u2019s":[260],"offer":[264],"timely":[266],"opportunity":[267],"advocate":[269],"competencies.":[274]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-19T21:40:30.786675","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}