{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406633629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyae029","title":"Mapping the DeFi crime landscape: an evidence-based picture","display_name":"Mapping the DeFi crime landscape: an evidence-based picture","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406633629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyae029"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyae029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyae029","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article-pdf/11/1/tyae029/61510649/tyae029.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735156331","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2057-2085","issn":["2057-2085","2057-2093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article-pdf/11/1/tyae029/61510649/tyae029.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095368646","display_name":"Catherine Carpentier-Desjardins","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Catherine Carpentier-Desjardins","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Criminology, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , H3C 3J7, Montr\u00e9al ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Criminology, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , H3C 3J7, Montr\u00e9al ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012748638","display_name":"Masarah Paquet-Clouston","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8275-8445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112164","display_name":"Complexity Science Hub","ror":"https://ror.org/023dz9m50","country_code":"AT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112164"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["AT","CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masarah Paquet-Clouston","raw_affiliation_strings":["Complexity Science Hub Vienna , 1080, Vienna ,","School of Criminology, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , H3C 3J7, Montr\u00e9al ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8275-8445","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Complexity Science Hub Vienna , 1080, Vienna ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Criminology, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , H3C 3J7, Montr\u00e9al ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034863610","display_name":"Stefan Kitzler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-167X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112164","display_name":"Complexity Science Hub","ror":"https://ror.org/023dz9m50","country_code":"AT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112164"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Kitzler","raw_affiliation_strings":["AIT Austrian Institute of Technology , 1210, Vienna ,","Complexity Science Hub Vienna , 1080, Vienna ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AIT Austrian Institute of Technology , 1210, Vienna ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Complexity Science Hub Vienna , 1080, Vienna ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112164"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078932059","display_name":"Bernhard Haslhofer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-4491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112164","display_name":"Complexity Science Hub","ror":"https://ror.org/023dz9m50","country_code":"AT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112164"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernhard Haslhofer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Complexity Science Hub Vienna , 1080, Vienna ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Complexity Science Hub Vienna , 1080, Vienna ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112164"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5095368646"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"],"apc_list":{"value":1864,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1864},"apc_paid":{"value":1864,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1864},"fwci":37.7663,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9966736,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.9498000144958496,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4145738482475281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminology","display_name":"Criminology","score":0.39037302136421204}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4145738482475281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.39037302136421204}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyae029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyae029","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article-pdf/11/1/tyae029/61510649/tyae029.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735156331","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2057-2085","issn":["2057-2085","2057-2093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyae029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyae029","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article-pdf/11/1/tyae029/61510649/tyae029.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735156331","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2057-2085","issn":["2057-2085","2057-2093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4455683469","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"905300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319031","funder_display_name":"Biocodex Microbiota Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5876774868","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"898883","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323031","funder_display_name":"\u00d6sterreichische Forschungsf\u00f6rderungsgesellschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8165746067","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"909237","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323031","funder_display_name":"\u00d6sterreichische Forschungsf\u00f6rderungsgesellschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319031","display_name":"Biocodex Microbiota Foundation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323031","display_name":"\u00d6sterreichische Forschungsf\u00f6rderungsgesellschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/028jc0449"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334617","display_name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04j5jqy92"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406633629.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406633629.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003572185","https://openalex.org/W2012150214","https://openalex.org/W2061554433","https://openalex.org/W2153199919","https://openalex.org/W2604844934","https://openalex.org/W2608918942","https://openalex.org/W2788162579","https://openalex.org/W2902334458","https://openalex.org/W2902497627","https://openalex.org/W2914168659","https://openalex.org/W2918805277","https://openalex.org/W2946227865","https://openalex.org/W2968035976","https://openalex.org/W2968269657","https://openalex.org/W2981756928","https://openalex.org/W2988091143","https://openalex.org/W2997863852","https://openalex.org/W2998166806","https://openalex.org/W3011566242","https://openalex.org/W3025773356","https://openalex.org/W3047055682","https://openalex.org/W3055710627","https://openalex.org/W3124557883","https://openalex.org/W3131636600","https://openalex.org/W3134196592","https://openalex.org/W3135480505","https://openalex.org/W3162209499","https://openalex.org/W3166496335","https://openalex.org/W3172896475","https://openalex.org/W3176389077","https://openalex.org/W3180692471","https://openalex.org/W3195885674","https://openalex.org/W3201539952","https://openalex.org/W3211314335","https://openalex.org/W4200529292","https://openalex.org/W4206408490","https://openalex.org/W4210382959","https://openalex.org/W4213385795","https://openalex.org/W4220664925","https://openalex.org/W4220868410","https://openalex.org/W4225117271","https://openalex.org/W4252261040","https://openalex.org/W4281264706","https://openalex.org/W4287115967","https://openalex.org/W4295886294","https://openalex.org/W4304208052","https://openalex.org/W4313547574","https://openalex.org/W4316096581","https://openalex.org/W4318148165","https://openalex.org/W4365794341","https://openalex.org/W4385080392","https://openalex.org/W4385455367","https://openalex.org/W6680913097","https://openalex.org/W6750678142","https://openalex.org/W6767197993","https://openalex.org/W6775140249","https://openalex.org/W6790806537","https://openalex.org/W6791487191","https://openalex.org/W6796637867","https://openalex.org/W6798355105","https://openalex.org/W6800454215","https://openalex.org/W6838704136","https://openalex.org/W6843013978","https://openalex.org/W6847980377","https://openalex.org/W6902798972"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2931662336","https://openalex.org/W2077865380","https://openalex.org/W3006817050","https://openalex.org/W4401768695","https://openalex.org/W2765597752","https://openalex.org/W2134894512","https://openalex.org/W2083375246","https://openalex.org/W2067108088"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Decentralized":[1],"finance":[2,67],"(DeFi)":[3],"has":[4,77],"been":[5,24],"the":[6,13,36,73,102,114,119,124,195,201,215,243,268,276,281,288],"target":[7,154],"of":[8,18,32,60,82,161,170,198,205,224,231,257,267,272,284],"numerous":[9],"profit-driven":[10,33],"crimes,":[11],"but":[12],"prevalence":[14],"and":[15,63,89,104,123,218,270,279],"cumulative":[16],"impact":[17],"these":[19,107,219,251],"crimes":[20,34,199],"have":[21],"not":[22],"yet":[23],"assessed.":[25],"This":[26],"study":[27,262],"provides":[28],"a":[29,79,96,140,146,152,165,264],"comprehensive":[30],"assessment":[31,266],"targeting":[35,200],"DeFi":[37,56,115,141,147,192,202,233,277,285],"sector.":[38],"We":[39],"collected":[40],"data":[41],"on":[42,94],"1141":[43],"crime":[44,273],"events":[45,110,206,220,252,274],"from":[46],"2017":[47],"to":[48,55,65,87,91,100,117,129,156,211],"2022.":[49],"Of":[50],"these,":[51],"1036":[52],"were":[53,111,127,235],"related":[54,86],"(the":[57],"main":[58],"focus":[59],"this":[61],"study)":[62],"105":[64],"centralized":[66],"(CeFi).":[68],"The":[69,133,187,261],"findings":[70,188],"show":[71,190],"that":[72,136,191],"entire":[74],"cryptoasset":[75,244],"industry":[76],"suffered":[78],"minimum":[80],"loss":[81],"US$30B,":[83],"with":[84],"two-thirds":[85],"CeFi":[88],"one-third":[90],"DeFi.":[92],"Focusing":[93],"DeFi,":[95],"taxonomy":[97],"was":[98],"developed":[99],"clarify":[101],"similarities":[103],"differences":[105],"among":[106],"crimes.":[108],"All":[109],"mapped":[112],"onto":[113],"stack":[116],"assess":[118],"impacted":[120],"technical":[121,157,212],"layers,":[122],"financial":[125,226,259],"damages":[126],"quantified":[128],"gauge":[130],"their":[131],"scale.":[132],"results":[134],"highlight":[135],"during":[137],"an":[138,177],"attack,":[139],"actor":[142],"(an":[143],"entity":[144],"developing":[145],"technology)":[148],"can":[149],"serve":[150],"as":[151,164,176],"direct":[153],"(due":[155],"vulnerabilities":[158,213],"or":[159,172,175],"exploitation":[160],"human":[162],"risks),":[163],"perpetrator":[166],"(through":[167],"malicious":[168,237],"uses":[169],"contracts":[171,241],"market":[173],"manipulations),":[174],"intermediary":[178],"(by":[179],"being":[180],"imitated":[181],"through,":[182],"for":[183,222,254],"example,":[184],"phishing":[185],"scams).":[186,249],"also":[189],"actors":[193,234,286],"are":[194],"first":[196],"victims":[197],"industry:":[203],"52%":[204],"targeted":[207],"them,":[208],"primarily":[209],"due":[210],"at":[214,242],"protocol":[216],"layer,":[217],"accounted":[221,253],"83%":[223],"all":[225,258],"damages.":[227,260],"Alternatively,":[228],"in":[229,287],"41%":[230],"events,":[232],"themselves":[236],"perpetrators,":[238],"predominantly":[239],"misusing":[240],"layer":[245],"(e.g.":[246],"rug":[247],"pull":[248],"However,":[250],"only":[255],"17%":[256],"offers":[263],"preliminary":[265],"size":[269],"scope":[271],"within":[275],"sector":[278],"highlights":[280],"vulnerable":[282],"position":[283],"ecosystem.":[289]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T07:00:12.390032","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
