{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285191659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyac002","title":"Two explanations for the paucity of cyber-military, cross-domain operations","display_name":"Two explanations for the paucity of cyber-military, cross-domain operations","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285191659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyac002"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyac002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyac002","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article-pdf/8/1/tyac002/44118869/tyac002.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735156331","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2057-2085","issn":["2057-2085","2057-2093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article-pdf/8/1/tyac002/44118869/tyac002.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088123282","display_name":"Nori Katagiri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47838141","display_name":"Saint Louis University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p7jjy08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47838141"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nori Katagiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Political Science, Saint Louis University , St Louis, MO 63108, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4502-0497","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Political Science, Saint Louis University , St Louis, MO 63108, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47838141"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088123282"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47838141"],"apc_list":{"value":1864,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1864},"apc_paid":{"value":1864,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1864},"fwci":5.8628,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95999266,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13369","display_name":"European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyberspace","display_name":"Cyberspace","score":0.9238251447677612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5930736064910889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4898819327354431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4696471095085144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4524116516113281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.4418369233608246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/launched","display_name":"Launched","score":0.42338329553604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.39010071754455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.34802621603012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2599698305130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.20905545353889465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.14297068119049072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07920295000076294}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781241145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204606","display_name":"Cyberspace","level":3,"score":0.9238251447677612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5930736064910889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4898819327354431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4696471095085144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4524116516113281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4418369233608246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122555611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627421","display_name":"Launched","level":2,"score":0.42338329553604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.39010071754455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.34802621603012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2599698305130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.20905545353889465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.14297068119049072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07920295000076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyac002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyac002","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article-pdf/8/1/tyac002/44118869/tyac002.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735156331","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2057-2085","issn":["2057-2085","2057-2093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyac002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyac002","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article-pdf/8/1/tyac002/44118869/tyac002.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735156331","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2057-2085","issn":["2057-2085","2057-2093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312021","display_name":"Saint Louis University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p7jjy08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285191659.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285191659.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W104454537","https://openalex.org/W1808115316","https://openalex.org/W1972914161","https://openalex.org/W1982351723","https://openalex.org/W2153594315","https://openalex.org/W2164304100","https://openalex.org/W2320822222","https://openalex.org/W2476930665","https://openalex.org/W2547462694","https://openalex.org/W2567613539","https://openalex.org/W2583590455","https://openalex.org/W2584161158","https://openalex.org/W2602213083","https://openalex.org/W2610404701","https://openalex.org/W2753741883","https://openalex.org/W2767475871","https://openalex.org/W2889639812","https://openalex.org/W2911823602","https://openalex.org/W2954963034","https://openalex.org/W2956989962","https://openalex.org/W2958441750","https://openalex.org/W2970963972","https://openalex.org/W2973551893","https://openalex.org/W3007670820","https://openalex.org/W3012284744","https://openalex.org/W3013139319","https://openalex.org/W3039806947","https://openalex.org/W3094717129","https://openalex.org/W3096502112","https://openalex.org/W3121540308","https://openalex.org/W3122877425","https://openalex.org/W3122923900","https://openalex.org/W3123733077","https://openalex.org/W3132761021","https://openalex.org/W3164096519","https://openalex.org/W3181408999","https://openalex.org/W4205345666","https://openalex.org/W4211195858","https://openalex.org/W4224219039","https://openalex.org/W4235553024","https://openalex.org/W4244468286","https://openalex.org/W6638287310","https://openalex.org/W6643257532","https://openalex.org/W6676013096","https://openalex.org/W6729075006","https://openalex.org/W6732741873","https://openalex.org/W6732910385","https://openalex.org/W6759069928","https://openalex.org/W6765303088","https://openalex.org/W6766094214","https://openalex.org/W6779706640","https://openalex.org/W6783833340","https://openalex.org/W6784025804","https://openalex.org/W6797751852"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368745349","https://openalex.org/W3167675181","https://openalex.org/W2131575257","https://openalex.org/W2372005904","https://openalex.org/W144012884","https://openalex.org/W2360897455","https://openalex.org/W2377660959","https://openalex.org/W4251169878","https://openalex.org/W2810589793","https://openalex.org/W2527886746"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"article":[2],"investigates":[3],"why":[4,34],"states":[5],"have":[6,21],"launched":[7,22],"so":[8,23],"few":[9],"cross-domain":[10,88],"operations\u2014in":[11],"this":[12],"case,":[13],"operations":[14,89],"between":[15],"cyber":[16,93],"and":[17,94,117],"military":[18,45,95],"domains\u2014when":[19],"they":[20],"many":[24,81],"cyberattacks.":[25],"I":[26],"explore":[27],"a":[28],"set":[29],"of":[30,51,78,109,119],"five":[31],"hypotheses":[32],"for":[33,68],"most":[35],"cyberattacks":[36],"do":[37],"not":[38,63,104],"occur":[39],"at":[40],"the":[41,52,66,75],"same":[42],"time":[43],"as":[44,105],"strikes.":[46],"My":[47],"analysis":[48],"reveals":[49],"that":[50,71],"five,":[53],"two":[54],"are":[55,72,97,103],"compelling.":[56],"First,":[57],"state":[58],"attackers":[59],"make":[60],"strategic":[61],"decisions":[62],"to":[64,115],"\u201ccross":[65],"domain\u201d":[67],"organizational":[69],"reasons":[70,102],"based":[73],"on":[74],"internal":[76],"division":[77],"labor.":[79],"Second,":[80],"cyberattackers":[82],"face":[83],"significant":[84],"technical":[85],"challenges":[86],"with":[87],"even":[90],"if":[91],"their":[92],"forces":[96],"integrated.":[98],"The":[99],"other":[100],"three":[101],"persuasive,":[106],"including":[107],"fear":[108],"conflict":[110],"escalation,":[111],"international":[112],"law":[113],"applied":[114],"cyberspace,":[116],"norms":[118],"cyberspace":[120],"behavior.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
