{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3111733481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyaa019","title":"What (if any) behaviour change techniques do government-led cybersecurity awareness campaigns use?","display_name":"What (if any) behaviour change techniques do government-led cybersecurity awareness campaigns use?","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3111733481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyaa019","mag":"3111733481"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyaa019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyaa019","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article-pdf/6/1/tyaa019/34893191/tyaa019.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735156331","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2057-2085","issn":["2057-2085","2057-2093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article-pdf/6/1/tyaa019/34893191/tyaa019.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060876171","display_name":"Tommy van Steen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5805-4664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","display_name":"Leiden University","ror":"https://ror.org/027bh9e22","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801375708","display_name":"Hague Institute for Global Justice","ror":"https://ror.org/0363anr51","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801375708"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tommy van Steen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Security and Global Affairs, Leiden University, The Hague, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5805-4664","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Security and Global Affairs, Leiden University, The Hague, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801375708","https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082623356","display_name":"Emma Norris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9957-4025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emma Norris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036255373","display_name":"Kirsty Atha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kirsty Atha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040132838","display_name":"Adam Joinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7019-7038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51601045","display_name":"University of Bath","ror":"https://ror.org/002h8g185","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Joinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management, University of Bath, Bath, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, University of Bath, Bath, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060876171"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337","https://openalex.org/I2801375708"],"apc_list":{"value":1864,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1864},"apc_paid":{"value":1864,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1864},"fwci":5.0128,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95822237,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9799000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11542","display_name":"Behavioral Health and Interventions","score":0.9645000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behaviour-change","display_name":"Behaviour change","score":0.7156173586845398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.665602445602417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.6402974128723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.52171391248703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavior-change","display_name":"Behavior change","score":0.46091726422309875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-security","display_name":"National security","score":0.42055684328079224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-awareness","display_name":"Security awareness","score":0.41165032982826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.39286649227142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.37761956453323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intervention","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","score":0.3748686909675598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.37335628271102905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.35858267545700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.32912972569465637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.18513137102127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.08603513240814209}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020759390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4880694","display_name":"Behaviour change","level":3,"score":0.7156173586845398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.665602445602417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6402974128723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.52171391248703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14262774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4880695","display_name":"Behavior change","level":2,"score":0.46091726422309875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528167355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258307","display_name":"National security","level":2,"score":0.42055684328079224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778652015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445019","display_name":"Security awareness","level":3,"score":0.41165032982826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.39286649227142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37761956453323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.3748686909675598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.37335628271102905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.35858267545700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.32912972569465637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.18513137102127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.08603513240814209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyaa019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyaa019","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article-pdf/6/1/tyaa019/34893191/tyaa019.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735156331","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2057-2085","issn":["2057-2085","2057-2093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bura.brunel.ac.uk:2438/22064","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/22064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401473","display_name":"Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","host_organization_name":"Brunel University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl:item_3201254","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1887/3201254","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400850","display_name":"Leiden Repository (Leiden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","host_organization_name":"Leiden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article / Letter to editor"},{"id":"pmh:ul:oai:scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl:item_3201254","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1887/3201254","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"VOLUME=6;ISSUE=1;TITLE=None","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyaa019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyaa019","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article-pdf/6/1/tyaa019/34893191/tyaa019.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735156331","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2057-2085","issn":["2057-2085","2057-2093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3576637205","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P011454/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4579349297","display_name":"Cyber-Security across the Life Span (cSaLSA)","funder_award_id":"EP/P011454/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3111733481.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3111733481.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964088509","https://openalex.org/W1983581110","https://openalex.org/W2024488177","https://openalex.org/W2070285512","https://openalex.org/W2074572600","https://openalex.org/W2087261606","https://openalex.org/W2115916427","https://openalex.org/W2136608905","https://openalex.org/W2168898986","https://openalex.org/W2169434152","https://openalex.org/W2410385862","https://openalex.org/W2797597138","https://openalex.org/W2889867400","https://openalex.org/W2899001757","https://openalex.org/W2949643954","https://openalex.org/W6714067167","https://openalex.org/W6723473538","https://openalex.org/W6922083275"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2338977435","https://openalex.org/W4295901619","https://openalex.org/W3166757012","https://openalex.org/W62219437","https://openalex.org/W4238840177","https://openalex.org/W4310798943","https://openalex.org/W3130448263","https://openalex.org/W2091283031"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"With":[1],"the":[2,68,76,88,110,120,147],"surge":[3],"in":[4,7,38,50,85],"cyber":[5],"incidents":[6],"recent":[8],"years,":[9],"many":[10],"linked":[11],"to":[12,22,52,75,129,157],"human":[13],"error,":[14],"governments":[15],"are":[16,37,101,117,123,160],"quite":[17],"naturally":[18],"developing":[19],"security":[20,25,99,132,158],"campaigns":[21,36,100,159],"improve":[23,130],"citizens\u2019":[24],"behaviour.":[26],"However,":[27],"it":[28],"remains":[29],"not":[30],"only":[31],"unclear":[32],"how":[33,128],"successful":[34],"these":[35],"changing":[39],"behaviour,":[40,133],"but":[41],"also":[42],"what":[43],"established":[44],"behaviour":[45,82,134],"change":[46,83],"techniques\u2014if":[47],"any\u2014they":[48],"employ":[49],"order":[51],"achieve":[53],"this":[54],"goal.":[55],"To":[56],"investigate":[57],"this,":[58],"we":[59],"analysed":[60],"17":[61],"government-sponsored":[62],"cybersecurity":[63,153],"campaign":[64],"materials.":[65],"We":[66],"coded":[67],"materials":[69],"for":[70],"their":[71,81,131],"intervention":[72],"functions":[73],"according":[74],"Behaviour":[77],"Change":[78,90],"Wheel":[79],"and":[80,106,122],"techniques":[84],"accordance":[86],"with":[87,125],"Behavioural":[89],"Technique":[91],"Taxonomy":[92],"(version":[93],"1).":[94],"Our":[95],"findings":[96],"show":[97],"that":[98,112],"often":[102],"focused":[103],"on":[104,127],"education":[105],"increasing":[107],"awareness,":[108],"under":[109],"assumption":[111],"as":[113,115],"long":[114],"citizens":[116],"aware":[118],"of":[119,142,150],"risk,":[121],"provided":[124],"information":[126],"will":[135],"change.":[136],"Additionally,":[137],"there":[138],"is":[139],"a":[140,151],"lack":[141],"published":[143],"effectiveness":[144],"studies":[145],"investigating":[146],"direct":[148],"effects":[149],"governmental":[152],"campaign.":[154],"Proposed":[155],"improvements":[156],"discussed.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-29T09:21:14.243279","created_date":"2020-12-21T00:00:00"}
