{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3086675985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyaa012","title":"Public attribution of cyber intrusions","display_name":"Public attribution of cyber intrusions","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3086675985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyaa012","mag":"3086675985"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyaa012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyaa012","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article-pdf/6/1/tyaa012/33746009/tyaa012.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735156331","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2057-2085","issn":["2057-2085","2057-2093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article-pdf/6/1/tyaa012/33746009/tyaa012.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060406686","display_name":"Florian J. Egloff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-667X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["CH","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Florian J Egloff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Z\u00fcrich, Haldeneggsteig 4, IFW, 8092 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","Centre for Technology & Global Affairs, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Oxford, Manor Road, Oxford OX1 3UQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-667X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Z\u00fcrich, Haldeneggsteig 4, IFW, 8092 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Technology & Global Affairs, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Oxford, Manor Road, Oxford OX1 3UQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060406686"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088","https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":{"value":1864,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1864},"apc_paid":{"value":1864,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1864},"fwci":68.2275,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":107,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99911499,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10994","display_name":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attribution","display_name":"Attribution","score":0.7759761810302734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normative","display_name":"Normative","score":0.719346821308136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.6300720572471619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.5806121230125427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","score":0.5541012287139893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.49030283093452454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norm","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","score":0.4740718901157379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4543461501598358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.43123912811279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.4278355538845062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.3661929965019226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.36588960886001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-and-economics","display_name":"Law and economics","score":0.35688233375549316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.3533955216407776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.301707923412323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2852934002876282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.23081275820732117}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143299363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900584","display_name":"Attribution","level":2,"score":0.7759761810302734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.719346821308136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6300720572471619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.5806121230125427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.5541012287139893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.49030283093452454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4740718901157379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4543461501598358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.43123912811279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4278355538845062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3661929965019226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.36588960886001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.35688233375549316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3533955216407776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.301707923412323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2852934002876282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.23081275820732117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyaa012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyaa012","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article-pdf/6/1/tyaa012/33746009/tyaa012.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735156331","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2057-2085","issn":["2057-2085","2057-2093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyaa012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyaa012","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article-pdf/6/1/tyaa012/33746009/tyaa012.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735156331","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2057-2085","issn":["2057-2085","2057-2093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320290","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321652","display_name":"Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule Z\u00fcrich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3086675985.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3086675985.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W574900599","https://openalex.org/W639419609","https://openalex.org/W761267035","https://openalex.org/W1837172414","https://openalex.org/W1993091451","https://openalex.org/W1993552828","https://openalex.org/W1993595248","https://openalex.org/W2027615191","https://openalex.org/W2048627029","https://openalex.org/W2094540703","https://openalex.org/W2135402777","https://openalex.org/W2142470178","https://openalex.org/W2144867725","https://openalex.org/W2164304100","https://openalex.org/W2179058078","https://openalex.org/W2212112878","https://openalex.org/W2301684547","https://openalex.org/W2331441684","https://openalex.org/W2336683034","https://openalex.org/W2416384122","https://openalex.org/W2584161158","https://openalex.org/W2598922475","https://openalex.org/W2616908822","https://openalex.org/W2767557712","https://openalex.org/W2791619519","https://openalex.org/W2798739120","https://openalex.org/W2807229110","https://openalex.org/W2883733614","https://openalex.org/W2889649532","https://openalex.org/W2900524374","https://openalex.org/W2904220661","https://openalex.org/W2963118802","https://openalex.org/W2975078241","https://openalex.org/W2979981459","https://openalex.org/W2980125160","https://openalex.org/W2995951208","https://openalex.org/W3009772888","https://openalex.org/W3012284744","https://openalex.org/W3122877425","https://openalex.org/W3123026972","https://openalex.org/W3123733077","https://openalex.org/W4200313500","https://openalex.org/W4235553024","https://openalex.org/W4247764957"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1587463616","https://openalex.org/W3197644991","https://openalex.org/W4206003315","https://openalex.org/W2965276536","https://openalex.org/W4288035708","https://openalex.org/W2502508797","https://openalex.org/W2944661359","https://openalex.org/W4241670158","https://openalex.org/W4366779716","https://openalex.org/W2494958971"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Attribution":[1],"is":[2,17,23,200],"central":[3],"to":[4,9,11,28,36,74,156,175,189,197,205,227,246],"the":[5,30,42,57,63,72,99,113,126,136,139,157,193,206,213,225,240,243,248,253,260],"debate":[6],"on":[7,112,115,234],"how":[8],"respond":[10],"cyber":[12,26,69,173],"intrusions.":[13],"The":[14,39,86,237],"policy":[15,32,167],"challenge":[16],"increasingly":[18],"moving":[19],"from":[20,169],"identifying":[21],"who":[22],"behind":[24],"a":[25,48,105,130,178,185,203],"intrusion":[27],"finding":[29],"adequate":[31],"response,":[33],"including":[34,61],"whether":[35,196],"publicly":[37,199],"attribute.":[38],"article":[40],"examines":[41],"use":[43],"of":[44,68,98,108,128,138,151,182,242,250,255,262,266,269],"public":[45,109,122],"attribution":[46,100,110,123,251],"as":[47],"political":[49,54,180,194,215],"strategy":[50],"for":[51],"attaining":[52],"specific":[53,186],"effects":[55],"beyond":[56],"dyadic":[58],"attacker\u2013victim":[59],"relationship,":[60],"shaping":[62,212,223],"operational":[64,218],"and":[65,93,119,144,216,252,264],"normative":[66,217],"environment":[67],"operations,":[70],"with":[71,171,184],"potential":[73,226,235],"exert":[75,228],"an":[76,229],"independent":[77],"deterrent":[78],"effect.":[79],"My":[80],"analysis":[81,238],"unfolds":[82],"in":[83,177],"three":[84,145,159],"parts.":[85],"first":[87],"part":[88,142],"introduces":[89],"two":[90,143,148],"core":[91],"concepts\u2014sense-making":[92],"meaning-making\u2014to":[94],"capture":[95],"different":[96],"parts":[97],"process.":[101],"I":[102,146,154],"then":[103],"introduce":[104],"theoretical":[106],"understanding":[107,247],"drawing":[111],"literature":[114],"revealing":[116],"covert":[117,267],"activity":[118],"argue":[120],"that":[121],"can":[124],"serve":[125],"function":[127],"defining":[129],"particular":[131],"interaction":[132],"order,":[133],"i.e.":[134],"shape":[135],"rules":[137],"\u2018game\u2019.":[140],"In":[141],"discuss":[147],"empirical":[149],"examples":[150],"both":[152],"concepts.":[153],"bring":[155],"fore":[158],"observations:":[160],"First,":[161],"some":[162],"states":[163],"have":[164],"shifted":[165],"their":[166],"responses":[168],"dealing":[170],"individual":[172],"intrusions":[174],"responding":[176],"broader":[179],"framework":[181],"relations":[183],"adversary":[187],"leading":[188],"campaign-like":[190],"responses.":[191],"Second,":[192],"decision":[195],"attribute":[198],"not":[201],"only":[202],"signal":[204],"adversary,":[207],"but":[208],"also":[209],"aims":[210],"at":[211],"future":[214],"environment.":[219],"Third,":[220],"such":[221],"norm":[222],"has":[224],"independent\u2014though":[230],"limited\u2014deterrent":[231],"effect,":[232],"particularly":[233],"adversaries.":[236],"demonstrates":[239],"importance":[241],"meaning-making":[244],"process":[245],"politics":[249,261],"rewards":[254],"theoretically":[256],"integrating":[257],"it":[258],"into":[259],"secrecy":[263],"exposure":[265],"activities":[268],"states.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
