{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3009461695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyaa002","title":"Update now or later? Effects of experience, cost, and risk preference on update decisions","display_name":"Update now or later? Effects of experience, cost, and risk preference on update decisions","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3009461695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyaa002","mag":"3009461695"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyaa002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyaa002","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article-pdf/6/1/tyaa002/32817264/tyaa002.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735156331","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2057-2085","issn":["2057-2085","2057-2093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article-pdf/6/1/tyaa002/32817264/tyaa002.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068816674","display_name":"Prashanth Rajivan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8596-085X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133369","display_name":"Decision Sciences (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03gcvf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133369"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prashanth Rajivan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Social and Decision Sciences Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Social and Decision Sciences Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139","https://openalex.org/I4210133369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032785777","display_name":"Efrat Aharonov\u2010Majar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7061-4997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133369","display_name":"Decision Sciences (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03gcvf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133369"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Efrat Aharonov-Majar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Social and Decision Sciences Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Social and Decision Sciences Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139","https://openalex.org/I4210133369"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076876507","display_name":"Cleotilde Gonz\u00e1lez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-2918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133369","display_name":"Decision Sciences (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03gcvf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133369"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cleotilde Gonzalez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Social and Decision Sciences Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-2918","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Social and Decision Sciences Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139","https://openalex.org/I4210133369"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076876507"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133369","https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":{"value":1864,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1864},"apc_paid":{"value":1864,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1864},"fwci":4.178,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94706711,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/installation","display_name":"Installation","score":0.679401159286499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/status-quo","display_name":"Status quo","score":0.5848138332366943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preference","display_name":"Preference","score":0.5644110441207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.5603804588317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.5213062167167664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.519645094871521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5088648796081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neglect","display_name":"Neglect","score":0.48226219415664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-intervention","display_name":"Psychological intervention","score":0.46632081270217896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.42307600378990173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuarial-science","display_name":"Actuarial science","score":0.41633841395378113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2829540967941284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.19689854979515076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1778324842453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.1288214921951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.07691997289657593}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146778888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836862","display_name":"Installation","level":2,"score":0.679401159286499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776748549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201610","display_name":"Status quo","level":2,"score":0.5848138332366943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.5644110441207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.5603804588317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5213062167167664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.519645094871521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5088648796081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776289891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931511","display_name":"Neglect","level":2,"score":0.48226219415664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.46632081270217896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.42307600378990173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.41633841395378113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2829540967941284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.19689854979515076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1778324842453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1288214921951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.07691997289657593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyaa002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyaa002","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article-pdf/6/1/tyaa002/32817264/tyaa002.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735156331","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2057-2085","issn":["2057-2085","2057-2093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyaa002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyaa002","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article-pdf/6/1/tyaa002/32817264/tyaa002.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735156331","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2057-2085","issn":["2057-2085","2057-2093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33891176","https://openalex.org/W205394741","https://openalex.org/W584850946","https://openalex.org/W1463518955","https://openalex.org/W1567195152","https://openalex.org/W1966745203","https://openalex.org/W1979361802","https://openalex.org/W1989020374","https://openalex.org/W2017809722","https://openalex.org/W2019797950","https://openalex.org/W2021647714","https://openalex.org/W2041946752","https://openalex.org/W2049370737","https://openalex.org/W2056847254","https://openalex.org/W2061592058","https://openalex.org/W2081436185","https://openalex.org/W2082347276","https://openalex.org/W2084899300","https://openalex.org/W2099387734","https://openalex.org/W2104213301","https://openalex.org/W2110505891","https://openalex.org/W2118335486","https://openalex.org/W2120492617","https://openalex.org/W2125639892","https://openalex.org/W2126360800","https://openalex.org/W2132726456","https://openalex.org/W2141708418","https://openalex.org/W2147492402","https://openalex.org/W2162180605","https://openalex.org/W2165675413","https://openalex.org/W2177864412","https://openalex.org/W2180124721","https://openalex.org/W2204311550","https://openalex.org/W2218051452","https://openalex.org/W2240450792","https://openalex.org/W2316677732","https://openalex.org/W2343444004","https://openalex.org/W2588857602","https://openalex.org/W2592002913","https://openalex.org/W2604575298","https://openalex.org/W2741057253","https://openalex.org/W2770273620","https://openalex.org/W2804073276","https://openalex.org/W2905008102","https://openalex.org/W2951532865","https://openalex.org/W3109980583","https://openalex.org/W3123340585","https://openalex.org/W3123365097","https://openalex.org/W4376601116","https://openalex.org/W6628405985","https://openalex.org/W6685813549","https://openalex.org/W6690212449","https://openalex.org/W6741850072","https://openalex.org/W6751899208"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386106790","https://openalex.org/W2171114985","https://openalex.org/W3121336575","https://openalex.org/W3123696707","https://openalex.org/W4386639330","https://openalex.org/W2386104528","https://openalex.org/W2883919278","https://openalex.org/W2391680869","https://openalex.org/W2239510609","https://openalex.org/W2380410302"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Installing":[1],"software":[2],"updates":[3,38,87],"is":[4],"one":[5],"of":[6,32,43,86,141,186,192],"the":[7,41,112,120,142,151,155,173,184,190],"most":[8],"important":[9],"security":[10,33,82,137],"actions":[11],"that":[12,36],"people":[13,22,29,55,131,157],"can":[14],"take":[15,162],"to":[16,57,100,107,116,135,153,161,168,170,194],"protect":[17],"their":[18],"computer":[19],"systems.":[20],"However,":[21],"often":[23],"delay":[24,30,136,154],"installing":[25,80],"updates.":[26,138],"Why":[27],"would":[28],"installation":[31],"updates,":[34],"knowing":[35],"these":[37,187],"may":[39,164,179],"reduce":[40,195],"risk":[42,146],"information":[44],"loss":[45],"from":[46,61,127,133],"attacks?":[47],"In":[48,64],"a":[49,65,81,95],"laboratory":[50],"experiment,":[51],"we":[52],"studied":[53],"how":[54],"learn":[56,132],"make":[58],"update":[59,92,101,117,121,143,198],"decisions":[60],"past":[62],"experiences.":[63],"simulated":[66],"\u201cwork\u201d":[67],"environment,":[68],"participants":[69,90],"could":[70,91],"defend":[71],"against":[72],"low":[73],"probability":[74],"and":[75,109,144],"high":[76,96],"impact":[77],"losses,":[78],"by":[79],"update.":[83],"The":[84,125,139],"cost":[85,97,140],"was":[88,115,122],"variable;":[89],"immediately":[93,118],"for":[94,102,189],"or":[98],"wait":[99],"free,":[103],"risking":[104],"increased":[105],"exposure":[106],"attacks":[108],"losses.":[110],"Thus,":[111],"optimal":[113],"decision":[114],"when":[119,177],"made":[123],"available.":[124],"results":[126],"our":[128],"experiment":[129],"indicate":[130],"experience":[134],"individual":[145],"preference":[147],"both":[148],"significantly":[149],"predicted":[150],"tendency":[152],"update;":[156],"with":[158],"higher":[159],"willingness":[160],"risks":[163],"be":[165,180],"more":[166],"likely":[167],"neglect":[169],"update,":[171],"keeping":[172],"status":[174],"quo":[175],"even":[176],"it":[178],"sub-optimal.":[181],"We":[182],"discuss":[183],"implications":[185],"findings":[188],"design":[191],"interventions":[193],"delays":[196],"in":[197],"installations.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-28T08:01:55.173337","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
