{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2951770249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comnet/cnz043","title":"An unsupervised framework for comparing graph embeddings","display_name":"An unsupervised framework for comparing graph embeddings","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2951770249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comnet/cnz043","mag":"2951770249"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/comnet/cnz043","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comnet/cnz043","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2531583244","display_name":"Journal of Complex Networks","issn_l":"2051-1310","issn":["2051-1310","2051-1329"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Complex Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.04562","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000509268","display_name":"Bogumi\u0142 Kami\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0678-282X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18193975","display_name":"SGH Warsaw School of Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/032cph770","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18193975"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bogumi\u0142 Kami\u0144ski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Decision Analysis and Support Unit, SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Decision Analysis and Support Unit, SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18193975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079925942","display_name":"Pawe\u0142 Pra\u0142at","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9176-8493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pawe\u0142 Pra\u0142at","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011601686","display_name":"Fran\u00e7ois Th\u00e9berge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5499-3680"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fran\u00e7ois Th\u00e9berge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tutte Institute for Mathematics and Computing, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tutte Institute for Mathematics and Computing, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079925942"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"],"apc_list":{"value":4151,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4151},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7204,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69758988,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6661117076873779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3493463099002838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3367151916027069}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6661117076873779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3493463099002838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3367151916027069}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/comnet/cnz043","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comnet/cnz043","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2531583244","display_name":"Journal of Complex Networks","issn_l":"2051-1310","issn":["2051-1310","2051-1329"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Complex Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1906.04562","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1906.04562","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.04562","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1906.04562","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1906.04562","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.04562","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W638149299","https://openalex.org/W1850172974","https://openalex.org/W1875112053","https://openalex.org/W1888005072","https://openalex.org/W1971215074","https://openalex.org/W1971421925","https://openalex.org/W1985339741","https://openalex.org/W1998167411","https://openalex.org/W2010964883","https://openalex.org/W2023655578","https://openalex.org/W2028314260","https://openalex.org/W2057505998","https://openalex.org/W2066459332","https://openalex.org/W2075557508","https://openalex.org/W2082100828","https://openalex.org/W2105808107","https://openalex.org/W2106180925","https://openalex.org/W2116173498","https://openalex.org/W2116819994","https://openalex.org/W2122076882","https://openalex.org/W2126243054","https://openalex.org/W2131681506","https://openalex.org/W2146950091","https://openalex.org/W2159659875","https://openalex.org/W2163639029","https://openalex.org/W2164998314","https://openalex.org/W2340643621","https://openalex.org/W2467192518","https://openalex.org/W2752915819","https://openalex.org/W2755088640","https://openalex.org/W2767544505","https://openalex.org/W2786672974","https://openalex.org/W2788614083","https://openalex.org/W2788952779","https://openalex.org/W2807249408","https://openalex.org/W2890881864","https://openalex.org/W2921266846","https://openalex.org/W2961135735","https://openalex.org/W2962756421","https://openalex.org/W2963322086","https://openalex.org/W2963760219","https://openalex.org/W2983727063","https://openalex.org/W3032195317","https://openalex.org/W3098702884","https://openalex.org/W3099768174","https://openalex.org/W3099871598","https://openalex.org/W3100648904","https://openalex.org/W3101413764","https://openalex.org/W3102590191","https://openalex.org/W3103560620","https://openalex.org/W3105705953","https://openalex.org/W4235345084","https://openalex.org/W4237078129","https://openalex.org/W4238452917","https://openalex.org/W4297571622","https://openalex.org/W6704256035","https://openalex.org/W6738123858","https://openalex.org/W6748816842","https://openalex.org/W6752249756","https://openalex.org/W6948080559"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Graph":[1],"embedding":[2,17,42,94,110,153,202],"is":[3,43,68,111,172],"the":[4,20,30,79,82,93,99,108,164],"transformation":[5],"of":[6,8,13,50,81,101,190],"vertices":[7],"a":[9,44,51,86,105,112,126,147,188],"graph":[10,21,152],"into":[11],"set":[12],"vectors.":[14],"A":[15],"good":[16,138],"should":[18],"capture":[19],"topology,":[22],"vertex-to-vertex":[23],"relationship":[24],"and":[25,34,47,58,115,200],"other":[26],"relevant":[27],"information":[28],"about":[29],"graph,":[31],"its":[32,177],"subgraphs":[33],"vertices.":[35],"If":[36],"these":[37],"objectives":[38],"are":[39,56],"achieved,":[40],"an":[41,102,150,173],"meaningful,":[45],"understandable":[46],"compressed":[48],"representations":[49],"network.":[52],"Finally,":[53],"vector":[54],"operations":[55,62],"simpler":[57],"faster":[59],"than":[60],"comparable":[61],"on":[63,92],"graphs.":[64,83],"The":[65],"main":[66],"challenge":[67],"that":[69,75,129],"one":[70],"needs":[71],"to":[72,89,133,135,157,162,168,182],"make":[73],"sure":[74],"embeddings":[76,134],"well":[77,196],"describe":[78],"properties":[80],"In":[84,121,155,180],"particular,":[85],"decision":[87],"has":[88],"be":[90,131],"made":[91],"dimensionality":[95],"which":[96,171],"highly":[97],"impacts":[98],"quality":[100],"embedding.":[103],"As":[104],"result,":[106],"selecting":[107],"best":[109],"challenging":[113],"task":[114],"very":[116],"often":[117],"requires":[118],"domain":[119],"experts.":[120],"this":[122],"article,":[123],"we":[124,160,186],"propose":[125],"\u2018divergence":[127],"score\u2019":[128],"can":[130],"assigned":[132],"help":[136],"distinguish":[137],"ones":[139],"from":[140],"bad":[141],"ones.":[142],"This":[143],"general":[144],"framework":[145],"provides":[146],"tool":[148],"for":[149],"unsupervised":[151],"comparison.":[154],"order":[156,181],"achieve":[158],"it,":[159],"needed":[161],"generalize":[163],"well-known":[165],"Chung-Lu":[166],"model":[167],"incorporate":[169],"geometry":[170],"interesting":[174],"result":[175],"in":[176],"own":[178],"right.":[179],"test":[183],"our":[184],"framework,":[185],"did":[187],"number":[189],"experiments":[191],"with":[192],"synthetic":[193],"networks":[194],"as":[195,197],"real-world":[198],"networks,":[199],"various":[201],"algorithms.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
