{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2530120086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comnet/cnw027","title":"Switching edges to randomize networks: what goes wrong and how to fix it","display_name":"Switching edges to randomize networks: what goes wrong and how to fix it","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2530120086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comnet/cnw027","mag":"2530120086"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/comnet/cnw027","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comnet/cnw027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2531583244","display_name":"Journal of Complex Networks","issn_l":"2051-1310","issn":["2051-1310","2051-1329"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Complex Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050991023","display_name":"Corrie Jacobien Carstens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9873-0452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. J. Carstens","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058448174","display_name":"K. J. Horadam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6980-220X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. J. Horadam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050991023"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"],"apc_list":{"value":4151,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4151},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8839,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76140791,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"cnw027","last_page":"cnw027"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11476","display_name":"Graph theory and applications","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2608","display_name":"Geometry and Topology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7720199823379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.6866900324821472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.5769302845001221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.43985307216644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-model","display_name":"Network model","score":0.4389108419418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/null-model","display_name":"Null model","score":0.43406111001968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-analysis","display_name":"Network analysis","score":0.4131510853767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.35816559195518494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2414541244506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17277249693870544}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7720199823379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6866900324821472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5769302845001221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43985307216644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104122410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416406","display_name":"Network model","level":2,"score":0.4389108419418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36382193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7068966","display_name":"Null model","level":2,"score":0.43406111001968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32946077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618079","display_name":"Network analysis","level":2,"score":0.4131510853767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.35816559195518494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2414541244506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17277249693870544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/comnet/cnw027","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comnet/cnw027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2531583244","display_name":"Journal of Complex Networks","issn_l":"2051-1310","issn":["2051-1310","2051-1329"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Complex Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84180114","https://openalex.org/W88065483","https://openalex.org/W155825010","https://openalex.org/W371407676","https://openalex.org/W1489134469","https://openalex.org/W1499476884","https://openalex.org/W1541582128","https://openalex.org/W1595409123","https://openalex.org/W1623104014","https://openalex.org/W1916020809","https://openalex.org/W1925871503","https://openalex.org/W1973819325","https://openalex.org/W1988307095","https://openalex.org/W1995907191","https://openalex.org/W2018480107","https://openalex.org/W2025221219","https://openalex.org/W2044881936","https://openalex.org/W2058591057","https://openalex.org/W2065338712","https://openalex.org/W2087296398","https://openalex.org/W2104131585","https://openalex.org/W2108091080","https://openalex.org/W2117863112","https://openalex.org/W2136258494","https://openalex.org/W2153624566","https://openalex.org/W2156737316","https://openalex.org/W2157520643","https://openalex.org/W2167877620","https://openalex.org/W2169015768","https://openalex.org/W2327703312","https://openalex.org/W2892179167","https://openalex.org/W2899702797","https://openalex.org/W2963327890","https://openalex.org/W4243285511"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585007175","https://openalex.org/W2382521049","https://openalex.org/W2144385241","https://openalex.org/W2165950148","https://openalex.org/W4253593777","https://openalex.org/W2951497643","https://openalex.org/W4300101996","https://openalex.org/W2142393343","https://openalex.org/W812203021","https://openalex.org/W3128621823"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,19],"switching":[1,23,60,84,99,115,123,184],"model":[2,8,24,67,85,100,124,185],"is":[3,25,29,155,165,180],"a":[4,11,27,79,104,112],"well-known":[5],"random":[6],"network":[7,12,28,106,130,143,191,200],"that":[9,42,65,93,134,148,178],"randomizes":[10],"while":[13],"keeping":[14],"its":[15,44,88],"degree":[16],"sequence":[17],"fixed.":[18],"idea":[20],"behind":[21],"the":[22,59,66,83,98,122,135,142,175,183],"simple:":[26],"randomized":[30],"by":[31],"repeatedly":[32],"rewiring":[33],"pairs":[34],"of":[35,82,114,121,137,163],"edges.":[36],"In":[37],"this":[38],"paper":[39],"we":[40,63,91,94],"demonstrate":[41],"despite":[43],"simple":[45],"description,":[46],"and":[47,108,145,171,207],"in":[48,109,146],"part":[49],"due":[50],"to":[51,69,73,97,103,125,157,188],"it,":[52],"much":[53],"can":[54],"go":[55],"wrong":[56],"when":[57],"implementing":[58],"model.":[61],"Specifically,":[62],"show":[64,133],"needs":[68],"be":[70],"implemented":[71],"carefully,":[72],"avoid":[74],"biased":[75],"sampling.":[76],"We":[77,132,168],"propose":[78],"precise":[80],"definition":[81],"which":[86,161],"guides":[87],"implementation.":[89],"Furthermore,":[90],"argue":[92],"should":[95],"refer":[96],"with":[101,186],"respect":[102,187],"specific":[105],"class,":[107,144],"fact":[110],"define":[111],"family":[113],"models.":[116],"This":[117],"formalizes":[118],"previous":[119],"use":[120],"randomize":[126],"networks":[127,164],"from":[128],"numerous":[129],"classes.":[131,192],"properties":[136],"these":[138],"models":[139],"depend":[140],"on":[141,211],"particular":[147],"their":[149],"stationary":[150],"distributions":[151],"differ.":[152],"Hence":[153],"it":[154],"important":[156],"take":[158],"into":[159],"account":[160],"class":[162],"being":[166],"randomized.":[167],"derive":[169],"conditions,":[170],"where":[172],"possible":[173],"adjust":[174],"models,":[176],"such":[177,203],"sampling":[179],"unbiased":[181,194],"for":[182],"eight":[189],"common":[190,199],"These":[193],"null-models":[195],"are":[196],"important,":[197],"since":[198],"analysis":[201],"techniques":[202],"as":[204],"motif":[205],"finding":[206],"community":[208],"detection":[209],"rely":[210],"them.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
