{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416186324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comnet/cnaf042","title":"An efficient network-aware direct search method for influence maximization","display_name":"An efficient network-aware direct search method for influence maximization","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416186324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comnet/cnaf042"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/comnet/cnaf042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comnet/cnaf042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2531583244","display_name":"Journal of Complex Networks","issn_l":"2051-1310","issn":["2051-1310","2051-1329"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Complex Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comnet/cnaf042","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102991526","display_name":"Matteo Bergamaschi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1501-390X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Bergamaschi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Padua Department of Mathematics \u201cTullio Levi-Civita\u201d, , Via Trieste, 63 , Padova, 35121,","Department of Mathematics \"Tullio Levi-Civita\", University of Padua, Via Trieste, 63, Padova, 35121, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1501-390X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Padua Department of Mathematics \u201cTullio Levi-Civita\u201d, , Via Trieste, 63 , Padova, 35121,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics \"Tullio Levi-Civita\", University of Padua, Via Trieste, 63, Padova, 35121, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001713985","display_name":"Sara Venturini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2653-8533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Venturini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology Senseable City Laboratory, , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge, MA, 02139,","Senseable City Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2653-8533","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology Senseable City Laboratory, , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge, MA, 02139,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senseable City Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043752696","display_name":"Francesco Tudisco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8150-4475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Tudisco","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Edinburgh School of Mathematics, , Edinburgh, EH93FD,","School of Mathematics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH93FD, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Edinburgh School of Mathematics, , Edinburgh, EH93FD,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH93FD, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040000503","display_name":"Francesco Rinaldi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8978-6027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Rinaldi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Padua Department of Mathematics \u201cTullio Levi-Civita\u201d, , Via Trieste, 63 , Padova, 35121,","Department of Mathematics \"Tullio Levi-Civita\", University of Padua, Via Trieste, 63, Padova, 35121, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Padua Department of Mathematics \u201cTullio Levi-Civita\u201d, , Via Trieste, 63 , Padova, 35121,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics \"Tullio Levi-Civita\", University of Padua, Via Trieste, 63, Padova, 35121, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102991526"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"apc_list":{"value":4151,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4151},"apc_paid":{"value":4151,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4151},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25852254,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"6","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9563000202178955,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9563000202178955,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.009399999864399433,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.6421999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5755000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greedy-algorithm","display_name":"Greedy algorithm","score":0.5645999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.43630000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-algorithm","display_name":"Search algorithm","score":0.42590001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.40529999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorial-optimization","display_name":"Combinatorial optimization","score":0.3995000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-marketing","display_name":"Viral marketing","score":0.3874000012874603}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6927000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.6421999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5755000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5734000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51823790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504353","display_name":"Greedy algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5645999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.43630000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125583679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755673","display_name":"Search algorithm","level":2,"score":0.42590001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.40529999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52692508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333872","display_name":"Combinatorial optimization","level":2,"score":0.3995000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187008535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204255","display_name":"Viral marketing","level":3,"score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.37459999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203208320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5150830","display_name":"Combinatorial search","level":4,"score":0.3677999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3546000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.3522999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3476000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135320971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868524","display_name":"Local search (optimization)","level":2,"score":0.3416999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19889080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835852","display_name":"Beam search","level":3,"score":0.33230000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.328900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536005652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677073","display_name":"Direct marketing","level":2,"score":0.32260000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46011968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830527","display_name":"Best-first search","level":4,"score":0.304500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4727928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164759","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","level":3,"score":0.27459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.25360000133514404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/comnet/cnaf042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comnet/cnaf042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2531583244","display_name":"Journal of Complex Networks","issn_l":"2051-1310","issn":["2051-1310","2051-1329"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Complex Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research.unipd.it:11577/3590821","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11577/3590821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196283","display_name":"Research Padua  Archive (University of Padua)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/comnet/cnaf042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comnet/cnaf042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2531583244","display_name":"Journal of Complex Networks","issn_l":"2051-1310","issn":["2051-1310","2051-1329"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Complex Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W181733065","https://openalex.org/W1495750374","https://openalex.org/W1878853999","https://openalex.org/W1931400479","https://openalex.org/W1970560785","https://openalex.org/W1977878271","https://openalex.org/W1994473607","https://openalex.org/W2011301426","https://openalex.org/W2023655578","https://openalex.org/W2026417691","https://openalex.org/W2041157860","https://openalex.org/W2051510192","https://openalex.org/W2054476043","https://openalex.org/W2063561583","https://openalex.org/W2108614537","https://openalex.org/W2133131640","https://openalex.org/W2150208547","https://openalex.org/W2159176819","https://openalex.org/W2775085189","https://openalex.org/W2792307011","https://openalex.org/W2792990871","https://openalex.org/W2937234651","https://openalex.org/W2941034199","https://openalex.org/W2965476999","https://openalex.org/W3003257820","https://openalex.org/W3035965352","https://openalex.org/W4233354719","https://openalex.org/W4297168412","https://openalex.org/W4377983150"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Influence":[1],"Maximization":[2],"(IM)":[3],"is":[4,64,171],"a":[5,19,30,52,57,106,175],"pivotal":[6],"concept":[7],"in":[8,98,237,247],"social":[9],"network":[10,20,164],"analysis,":[11],"involving":[12],"the":[13,23,62,74,102,114,119,132,150,163,180,183,203,219,223,230,234,238,248],"identification":[14],"of":[15,25,33,110,135,179,218,233],"influential":[16],"nodes":[17,71],"within":[18],"to":[21,43,65,117,131,141,173,198],"maximize":[22,73],"number":[24],"influenced":[26],"nodes,":[27],"and":[28,40,170,210,214],"has":[29],"wide":[31],"variety":[32],"applications":[34],"that":[35,72,161,228],"range":[36],"from":[37,127],"viral":[38],"marketing":[39],"information":[41],"dissemination":[42],"public":[44],"health":[45],"campaigns.":[46],"IM":[47,181,204,235],"can":[48,241],"be":[49],"modeled":[50],"as":[51],"combinatorial":[53,142],"optimization":[54],"problem":[55,236],"with":[56],"black-box":[58],"objective":[59,103],"function,":[60],"where":[61],"goal":[63],"select":[66],"$":[67,69],"B":[68],"seed":[70],"expected":[75],"influence":[76],"spread.":[77],"Direct":[78,152],"search":[79,96,120,159,208],"methods,":[80],"which":[81],"do":[82],"not":[83],"require":[84],"gradient":[85],"information,":[86],"are":[87],"well-suited":[88],"for":[89,202],"such":[90],"problems.":[91],"Unlike":[92],"gradient-based":[93],"approaches,":[94],"direct":[95,158,207],"algorithms,":[97],"fact,":[99],"only":[100],"evaluate":[101],"function":[104,136],"at":[105],"suitably":[107],"chosen":[108],"set":[109],"trial":[111],"points":[112],"around":[113],"current":[115],"solution":[116],"guide":[118],"process.":[121],"However,":[122],"these":[123],"methods":[124,209],"often":[125],"suffer":[126],"scalability":[128],"issues":[129],"due":[130],"high":[133],"cost":[134],"evaluations,":[137],"especially":[138],"when":[139],"applied":[140],"problems":[143],"like":[144],"IM.":[145],"This":[146],"work,":[147],"therefore,":[148],"proposes":[149],"Network-aware":[151],"Search":[153],"(NaDS)":[154],"method,":[155],"an":[156],"innovative":[157],"approach":[160],"integrates":[162],"structure":[165,232],"into":[166],"its":[167,244],"neighborhood":[168],"formulation":[169,178],"used":[172],"tackle":[174],"mixed-integer":[176],"programming":[177],"problem,":[182,205],"so-called":[184],"General":[185],"Information":[186],"Propagation":[187],"model.":[188],"We":[189],"tested":[190],"our":[191],"method":[192],"on":[193],"large-scale":[194],"networks,":[195],"comparing":[196],"it":[197],"existing":[199],"state-of-the-art":[200],"approaches":[201],"including":[206],"various":[211],"greedy":[212],"techniques":[213],"heuristics.":[215],"The":[216],"results":[217],"experiments":[220],"empirically":[221],"confirm":[222],"assumptions":[224],"underlying":[225],"NaDS,":[226],"demonstrating":[227],"exploiting":[229],"graph":[231],"algorithmic":[239],"framework":[240],"significantly":[242],"improve":[243],"computational":[245],"efficiency":[246],"considered":[249],"context.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-11-13T00:00:00"}