{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403520448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comnet/cnae032","title":"Properties of the \u2018friend of a friend\u2019 model for network generation","display_name":"Properties of the \u2018friend of a friend\u2019 model for network generation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403520448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comnet/cnae032"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/comnet/cnae032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comnet/cnae032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2531583244","display_name":"Journal of Complex Networks","issn_l":"2051-1310","issn":["2051-1310","2051-1329"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Complex Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comnet/cnae032","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007664514","display_name":"Tiffany Y. Y. Lo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4762-8914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiffany Y Y Lo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Uppsala University , 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4762-8914","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Uppsala University , 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014574500","display_name":"Watson Levens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6777-7402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182078086","display_name":"University of Dar es Salaam","ror":"https://ror.org/0479aed98","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182078086"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Watson Levens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of Dar es Salaam , 35065 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Dar es Salaam , 35065 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182078086"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021654408","display_name":"David J. T. Sumpter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1436-9103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158519","display_name":"Informa (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/04yt64d76","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154378","https://openalex.org/I4210158519"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David J T Sumpter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Systems and Control, Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University , 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Systems and Control, Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University , 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679","https://openalex.org/I4210158519"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4151,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4151},"apc_paid":{"value":4151,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4151},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16071105,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11152","display_name":"Stochastic processes and statistical mechanics","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2610","display_name":"Mathematical Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degree","display_name":"Degree (music)","score":0.7227858304977417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degree-distribution","display_name":"Degree distribution","score":0.6887775659561157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infinity","display_name":"Infinity","score":0.6485320329666138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preferential-attachment","display_name":"Preferential attachment","score":0.6250436902046204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.5104511976242065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.49845433235168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clustering-coefficient","display_name":"Clustering coefficient","score":0.4595758616924286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.45605701208114624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.452494353055954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4491722583770752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-network","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","score":0.43206876516342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-model","display_name":"Network model","score":0.4223962128162384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.36992770433425903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.3577868640422821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2910316586494446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2865968942642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-network","display_name":"Complex network","score":0.17989957332611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14096328616142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.12998661398887634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775997480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586277","display_name":"Degree (music)","level":2,"score":0.7227858304977417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87414783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1002603","display_name":"Degree distribution","level":3,"score":0.6887775659561157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7321624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205","display_name":"Infinity","level":2,"score":0.6485320329666138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780600066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239828","display_name":"Preferential attachment","level":3,"score":0.6250436902046204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5104511976242065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.49845433235168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22047676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898680","display_name":"Clustering coefficient","level":3,"score":0.4595758616924286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.45605701208114624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.452494353055954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4491722583770752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4727928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164759","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","level":3,"score":0.43206876516342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104122410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416406","display_name":"Network model","level":2,"score":0.4223962128162384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.36992770433425903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.3577868640422821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2910316586494446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2865968942642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34947359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189","display_name":"Complex network","level":2,"score":0.17989957332611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14096328616142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.12998661398887634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/comnet/cnae032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comnet/cnae032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2531583244","display_name":"Journal of Complex Networks","issn_l":"2051-1310","issn":["2051-1310","2051-1329"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Complex Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:uu-527012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-527012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article in journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/comnet/cnae032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comnet/cnae032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2531583244","display_name":"Journal of Complex Networks","issn_l":"2051-1310","issn":["2051-1310","2051-1329"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Complex Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983275606","https://openalex.org/W1992021819","https://openalex.org/W2001550906","https://openalex.org/W2007541434","https://openalex.org/W2008620264","https://openalex.org/W2017280108","https://openalex.org/W2048803215","https://openalex.org/W2063639254","https://openalex.org/W2074990030","https://openalex.org/W2084668512","https://openalex.org/W2099021783","https://openalex.org/W2112090702","https://openalex.org/W2113782798","https://openalex.org/W2117218739","https://openalex.org/W2136931666","https://openalex.org/W2140827816","https://openalex.org/W2160694264","https://openalex.org/W2169526870","https://openalex.org/W2170840812","https://openalex.org/W2171520817","https://openalex.org/W2527790800","https://openalex.org/W2622719458","https://openalex.org/W2963907685","https://openalex.org/W3002559069","https://openalex.org/W3096001313","https://openalex.org/W3099320555","https://openalex.org/W3172378874","https://openalex.org/W4250349255","https://openalex.org/W4306850551","https://openalex.org/W6785291501"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4297311514","https://openalex.org/W2949141875","https://openalex.org/W2950867090","https://openalex.org/W4392394489","https://openalex.org/W2982838328","https://openalex.org/W2127010026","https://openalex.org/W2535608133","https://openalex.org/W2542835260","https://openalex.org/W1580095423","https://openalex.org/W2041715914"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"way":[2],"in":[3,10],"which":[4],"a":[5,34,38,50,121],"social":[6],"network":[7,39,173],"is":[8,40,123,129,154,169,197],"generated,":[9],"terms":[11],"of":[12,22,33,63,76,98,166],"how":[13],"individuals":[14],"attach":[15],"to":[16,49,56,96,125,151,176,181],"each":[17,43,66],"other,":[18],"determines":[19],"the":[20,23,64,73,77,89,99,147,162,167,172,184,188,193],"properties":[21],"resulting":[24],"network.":[25],"Here,":[26],"we":[27,156],"study":[28],"an":[29,85],"intuitively":[30],"appealing":[31],"\u2018friend":[32],"friend\u2019":[35],"model,":[36,83],"where":[37,149,195],"formed":[41],"by":[42,107,135],"newly":[44],"added":[45],"individual":[46],"attaching":[47],"first":[48],"randomly":[51,60],"chosen":[52,61,100],"target":[53],"and":[54,117,187],"then":[55],"nq":[57,92,128,196],"\u2a7e":[58],"1":[59],"friends":[62,102,153],"target,":[65],"with":[67],"probability":[68],"0&amp;lt;q\u2a7d":[69],"1.":[70],"We":[71,178],"revisit":[72],"master":[74],"equation":[75],"expected":[78,163],"degree":[79,164],"distribution":[80,165],"for":[81,88,94],"this":[82],"providing":[84],"exact":[86],"solution":[87,122],"case":[90,104,132,148],"when":[91,127,160],"allows":[93],"attachment":[95,150],"all":[97,152],"target\u2019s":[101],"[a":[103,131],"previously":[105,133],"studied":[106,134],"Bhat":[108],"et":[109,137],"al.":[110,138],"(2016,":[111],"Phys.":[112],"Rev.":[113],"E,":[114],"94,":[115],"062302)],":[116],"demonstrating":[118],"why":[119],"such":[120],"hard":[124],"obtain":[126],"fixed":[130],"Levens":[136],"(2022,":[139],"R.":[140],"Soc.":[141],"Open":[142],"Sci.,":[143],"9,":[144],"221200)].":[145],"In":[146],"allowed,":[155],"also":[157],"show":[158],"that":[159],"q&amp;lt;q*\u22480.5671,":[161],"model":[168],"stationary":[170],"as":[171],"size":[174],"tends":[175],"infinity.":[177],"go":[179],"on":[180,192],"look":[182],"at":[183],"clustering":[185],"behaviour":[186],"triangle":[189],"count,":[190],"focusing":[191],"cases":[194],"fixed.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
