{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2530178073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxw081","title":"Biometric Layering with Fingerprints: Template Security and Privacy Through Multi-Biometric Template Fusion","display_name":"Biometric Layering with Fingerprints: Template Security and Privacy Through Multi-Biometric Template Fusion","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2530178073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxw081","mag":"2530178073"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxw081","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxw081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44643521","display_name":"The Computer Journal","issn_l":"0010-4620","issn":["0010-4620","1460-2067"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Computer Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073119976","display_name":"Muhammet Y\u0131ld\u0131z","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134235054","display_name":"Sabanc\u0131 \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/049asqa32","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134235054"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammet Yildiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sabanci University, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sabanci University, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134235054"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057031258","display_name":"Berrin Yan\u0131ko\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7403-7592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134235054","display_name":"Sabanc\u0131 \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/049asqa32","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134235054"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Berrin Yaniko\u011flu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sabanci University, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sabanci University, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134235054"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108454164","display_name":"Alisher Kholmatov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141511","display_name":"TUBITAK BILGEM","ror":"https://ror.org/057kvja37","country_code":"TR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alisher Kholmatov","raw_affiliation_strings":["TUBITAK BILGEM UEKAE, Gebze, 41470 Kocaeli, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TUBITAK BILGEM UEKAE, Gebze, 41470 Kocaeli, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070214407","display_name":"Alper Kanak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2541-7753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141511","display_name":"TUBITAK BILGEM","ror":"https://ror.org/057kvja37","country_code":"TR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alper Kanak","raw_affiliation_strings":["TUBITAK BILGEM UEKAE, Gebze, 41470 Kocaeli, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TUBITAK BILGEM UEKAE, Gebze, 41470 Kocaeli, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032168608","display_name":"Umut Uluda\u011f","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141511","display_name":"TUBITAK BILGEM","ror":"https://ror.org/057kvja37","country_code":"TR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umut Uluda\u011f","raw_affiliation_strings":["TUBITAK BILGEM UEKAE, Gebze, 41470 Kocaeli, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TUBITAK BILGEM UEKAE, Gebze, 41470 Kocaeli, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065994318","display_name":"Hakan Erdo\u011fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3140-8642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134235054","display_name":"Sabanc\u0131 \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/049asqa32","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134235054"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hakan Erdo\u011fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sabanci University, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sabanci University, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134235054"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057031258"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134235054"],"apc_list":{"value":2635,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3232},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0087,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77480052,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.968500018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.8623166084289551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7002484202384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layering","display_name":"Layering","score":0.46446603536605835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3447215259075165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.8623166084289551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7002484202384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176055353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1402114","display_name":"Layering","level":2,"score":0.46446603536605835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3447215259075165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxw081","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxw081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44643521","display_name":"The Computer Journal","issn_l":"0010-4620","issn":["0010-4620","1460-2067"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Computer Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W199329966","https://openalex.org/W1577532209","https://openalex.org/W1580858945","https://openalex.org/W1599789598","https://openalex.org/W1606443045","https://openalex.org/W1639795441","https://openalex.org/W1968563422","https://openalex.org/W1969852918","https://openalex.org/W1973131559","https://openalex.org/W1991280936","https://openalex.org/W2005399687","https://openalex.org/W2024677982","https://openalex.org/W2032551902","https://openalex.org/W2041942569","https://openalex.org/W2044862799","https://openalex.org/W2048387976","https://openalex.org/W2070060274","https://openalex.org/W2072468280","https://openalex.org/W2099783228","https://openalex.org/W2119970915","https://openalex.org/W2126960670","https://openalex.org/W2127098089","https://openalex.org/W2127697997","https://openalex.org/W2134081585","https://openalex.org/W2146112636","https://openalex.org/W2153227099","https://openalex.org/W2153717930","https://openalex.org/W2158275940","https://openalex.org/W2162720573","https://openalex.org/W2165831888","https://openalex.org/W2165956633","https://openalex.org/W2570008916","https://openalex.org/W3031182540","https://openalex.org/W4230579564","https://openalex.org/W6681588799"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2364255229","https://openalex.org/W2053119319","https://openalex.org/W3189260464","https://openalex.org/W2366451163","https://openalex.org/W2334616087","https://openalex.org/W605625157","https://openalex.org/W1969854450","https://openalex.org/W2352689648","https://openalex.org/W2040587200"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"biometric":[1,19,28,70],"applications":[2],"are":[3,134,191],"gaining":[4],"popularity,":[5],"there":[6],"is":[7,46,72,78],"increased":[8],"concern":[9],"over":[10],"the":[11,50,54,57,60,76,100,111,119,126,150,165,170],"loss":[12],"of":[13,18,40,59,90,99,106,110,118,128,198],"privacy":[14],"and":[15,115,130,145,157],"potential":[16],"misuse":[17],"data":[20],"held":[21],"in":[22],"central":[23],"repositories.":[24],"We":[25,86],"present":[26,87],"a":[27,33,41,88,195],"authentication":[29],"framework":[30,55],"that":[31,44],"constructs":[32],"multi-biometric":[34],"template":[35,71,107],"by":[36],"layering":[37],"multiple":[38],"biometrics":[39,58],"user,":[42,101],"such":[43,83,194],"it":[45],"difficult":[47],"to":[48,62,124],"separate":[49],"individual":[51],"layers.":[52],"Thus,":[53],"uses":[56],"user":[61],"conceal":[63],"them":[64],"among":[65],"one":[66],"another.":[67],"The":[68],"resulting":[69],"also":[73],"cancelable":[74,81],"if":[75],"system":[77,173],"implemented":[79],"with":[80,193],"biometrics,":[82,121],"as":[84,123],"voice.":[85],"realization":[89],"this":[91],"idea":[92],"combining":[93],"two":[94],"or":[95],"three":[96,166],"different":[97,104,185],"fingerprints":[98],"using":[102,164],"four":[103],"methods":[105,112],"construction.":[108],"Three":[109],"use":[113],"less":[114,116],"information":[117],"constituent":[120],"so":[122],"lower":[125],"risk":[127],"leakage":[129],"cross-link":[131,180],"rates.":[132],"Results":[133],"evaluated":[135],"on":[136,162],"publicly":[137],"available":[138],"Finger":[139],"Verification":[140],"Championship":[141],"(FVC)":[142],"2000,":[143],"2002":[144],"NIST":[146],"fingerprint":[147],"databases.":[148],"With":[149],"FVC":[151],"databases,":[152],"we":[153,177],"obtain":[154],"2.1%,":[155],"3.9%":[156],"3.4%":[158],"Equal":[159],"Error":[160],"Rate":[161],"average":[163],"proposed":[167],"methods,":[168],"while":[169,187],"state-of-the-art":[171],"commercial":[172],"achieves":[174],"1.9%.":[175],"Furthermore,":[176],"show":[178],"low":[179],"rates":[181,190],"under":[182,184],"63%":[183],"scenarios,":[186],"genuine":[188],"identification":[189],"100%,":[192],"small":[196],"gallery":[197],"55":[199],"templates.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
