{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139596478","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxt112","title":"Extracting and Displaying Temporal and Geospatial Entities from Articles on Historical Events","display_name":"Extracting and Displaying Temporal and Geospatial Entities from Articles on Historical Events","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139596478","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxt112","mag":"2139596478"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxt112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxt112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44643521","display_name":"The Computer Journal","issn_l":"0010-4620","issn":["0010-4620","1460-2067"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Computer Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082782121","display_name":"Rachel Chasin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. Chasin","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Department of Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Department of Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064944246","display_name":"Diana Woodward","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5051-469X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I888729015","display_name":"University of Colorado Colorado Springs","ror":"https://ror.org/054spjc55","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I888729015"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Woodward","raw_affiliation_strings":["2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I888729015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070174468","display_name":"Jeffrey A. Witmer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44896327","display_name":"Mitre (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03ks2a131","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44896327"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Witmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["3The MITRE Corporation, 49185 Transmitter Road, San Diego, CA 92152-7335, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3The MITRE Corporation, 49185 Transmitter Road, San Diego, CA 92152-7335, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44896327"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021445348","display_name":"Jayantee Kalita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6141-3592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I888729015","display_name":"University of Colorado Colorado Springs","ror":"https://ror.org/054spjc55","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I888729015"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Kalita","raw_affiliation_strings":["4Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"4Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I888729015"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082782121"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":{"value":2635,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3232},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.809,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95025094,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"3","first_page":"403","last_page":"426"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-analysis","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","score":0.838948130607605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timeline","display_name":"Timeline","score":0.8084242939949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.780099093914032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.6156067848205566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5529129505157471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.5345712304115295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5075210332870483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merge","display_name":"Merge (version control)","score":0.4903009235858917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.46602651476860046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4352658987045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.41715994477272034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3534933924674988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22734317183494568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1597992479801178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.1295594573020935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.838948130607605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4438859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186117","display_name":"Timeline","level":2,"score":0.8084242939949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.780099093914032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.6156067848205566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5529129505157471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.5345712304115295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5075210332870483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197129107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1921621","display_name":"Merge (version control)","level":2,"score":0.4903009235858917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.46602651476860046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4352658987045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.41715994477272034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3534933924674988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22734317183494568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1597992479801178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.1295594573020935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxt112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxt112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44643521","display_name":"The Computer Journal","issn_l":"0010-4620","issn":["0010-4620","1460-2067"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Computer Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W740415","https://openalex.org/W30314283","https://openalex.org/W32715122","https://openalex.org/W86887328","https://openalex.org/W130452239","https://openalex.org/W189514790","https://openalex.org/W198220271","https://openalex.org/W316774482","https://openalex.org/W1508170391","https://openalex.org/W1521470945","https://openalex.org/W1523160384","https://openalex.org/W1525595230","https://openalex.org/W1532325895","https://openalex.org/W1537662695","https://openalex.org/W1545502430","https://openalex.org/W1550157126","https://openalex.org/W1561908597","https://openalex.org/W1594112393","https://openalex.org/W1601137985","https://openalex.org/W1608885137","https://openalex.org/W1619424147","https://openalex.org/W1647729745","https://openalex.org/W1713128408","https://openalex.org/W1751031993","https://openalex.org/W1854214752","https://openalex.org/W1906503946","https://openalex.org/W1956885672","https://openalex.org/W1967350923","https://openalex.org/W1971621060","https://openalex.org/W1987858066","https://openalex.org/W1989839834","https://openalex.org/W2001856540","https://openalex.org/W2012285872","https://openalex.org/W2021836477","https://openalex.org/W2022601486","https://openalex.org/W2027641243","https://openalex.org/W2032816202","https://openalex.org/W2038721957","https://openalex.org/W2041614298","https://openalex.org/W2051053416","https://openalex.org/W2056029667","https://openalex.org/W2060256944","https://openalex.org/W2063287522","https://openalex.org/W2068882115","https://openalex.org/W2072628044","https://openalex.org/W2080527295","https://openalex.org/W2081580037","https://openalex.org/W2094661073","https://openalex.org/W2095491168","https://openalex.org/W2096765155","https://openalex.org/W2100935296","https://openalex.org/W2106288831","https://openalex.org/W2115758952","https://openalex.org/W2116575472","https://openalex.org/W2117805756","https://openalex.org/W2123167824","https://openalex.org/W2123512824","https://openalex.org/W2124513420","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2128357850","https://openalex.org/W2129086443","https://openalex.org/W2136480620","https://openalex.org/W2138621811","https://openalex.org/W2141099517","https://openalex.org/W2142120379","https://openalex.org/W2142849131","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2151446246","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2155406510","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2159621513","https://openalex.org/W2161484642","https://openalex.org/W2167435923","https://openalex.org/W2167540062","https://openalex.org/W2167687441","https://openalex.org/W2250767920","https://openalex.org/W2263746683","https://openalex.org/W2399637888","https://openalex.org/W2626236418"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1858249912","https://openalex.org/W2114034199","https://openalex.org/W2317428717","https://openalex.org/W2734259032","https://openalex.org/W4385261515","https://openalex.org/W3094038556","https://openalex.org/W4296345146","https://openalex.org/W2014772881","https://openalex.org/W4254228154","https://openalex.org/W3049477255"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"discusses":[2],"a":[3,24,33,88,102,107,110],"system":[4],"that":[5],"extracts":[6],"and":[7,10,61,82,94,99,109,129,143,171],"displays":[8],"temporal":[9],"geospatial":[11,50,58],"entities":[12,41,60],"in":[13,23,104],"text.":[14],"The":[15,35],"first":[16],"task":[17,37],"involves":[18,38],"identification":[19,28],"of":[20,29,57,106,114],"all":[21],"events":[22,31,93,136],"document":[25,103],"followed":[26],"by":[27],"important":[30],"using":[32],"classifier.":[34],"second":[36],"identifying":[39],"named":[40,51,59],"associated":[42,96],"with":[43,90,149],"the":[44,55,66,91,138,172],"document.":[45],"In":[46],"particular,":[47],"we":[48,86,116],"extract":[49],"entities.":[52],"We":[53,76,131,158],"disambiguate":[54],"set":[56],"geocode":[62],"them":[63],"to":[64],"determine":[65],"correct":[67],"coordinates":[68],"for":[69],"each":[70],"place":[71],"name,":[72],"often":[73],"called":[74],"grounding.":[75],"resolve":[77],"ambiguity":[78],"based":[79],"on":[80,133],"sentence":[81],"article":[83],"context.":[84],"Finally,":[85],"present":[87],"user":[89],"key":[92],"their":[95],"people,":[97],"places":[98],"organizations":[100],"within":[101],"terms":[105],"timeline":[108],"map.":[111],"For":[112],"purposes":[113],"testing,":[115],"use":[117,159],"Wikipedia":[118],"articles":[119,150],"about":[120],"historical":[121],"events,":[122],"such":[123,154,163],"as":[124,155,164],"those":[125],"describing":[126],"wars,":[127],"battles":[128],"invasions.":[130],"focus":[132],"extracting":[134],"major":[135],"from":[137,151],"articles,":[139],"although":[140],"our":[141],"ideas":[142],"tools":[144,162],"can":[145],"be":[146],"easily":[147],"used":[148],"other":[152],"sources":[153],"news":[156],"articles.":[157],"several":[160],"existing":[161],"Evita,":[165],"Google":[166],"Maps,":[167],"publicly":[168],"available":[169],"implementationsofSupportVectorMachines,HiddenMarkovModelandConditionalRandomField,":[170],"MIT":[173],"SIMILE":[174],"Timeline.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
