{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7141217343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxag006","title":"TDTCE: generating adversarial instances against NIDS via diffusion model","display_name":"TDTCE: generating adversarial instances against NIDS via diffusion model","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7141217343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxag006"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxag006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxag006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44643521","display_name":"The Computer Journal","issn_l":"0010-4620","issn":["0010-4620","1460-2067"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Computer Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130806270","display_name":"Zhonghang Sui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086056","display_name":"Henan Institute of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/00ed0hz84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086056"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhonghang Sui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security , Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000 ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2835-8992","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security , Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130748568","display_name":"Fei Kang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086056","display_name":"Henan Institute of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/00ed0hz84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086056"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fei Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security , Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000 ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2545-4079","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security , Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086056"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103078504","display_name":"Hui Shu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-1355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086056","display_name":"Henan Institute of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/00ed0hz84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086056"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security , Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000 ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-1355","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security , Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086056"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5130748568"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086056"],"apc_list":{"value":2635,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3232},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32616295,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"6","first_page":"994","last_page":"1014"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.7062000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.7062000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.14839999377727509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.01940000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.8838000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.5590999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-adversarial-network","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","score":0.4657999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.4415000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.3846000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.32919999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.8838000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8154000043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.5590999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4657999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988773926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25104379","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","level":3,"score":0.4657999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.4415000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3846000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34150001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.32919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.2791999876499176}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxag006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxag006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44643521","display_name":"The Computer Journal","issn_l":"0010-4620","issn":["0010-4620","1460-2067"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Computer Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7425945472","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62302520","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031163547","https://openalex.org/W2116065364","https://openalex.org/W2116967744","https://openalex.org/W2121035740","https://openalex.org/W2180612164","https://openalex.org/W2886533716","https://openalex.org/W2889836475","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W3006761813","https://openalex.org/W3041788585","https://openalex.org/W3111088413","https://openalex.org/W3197944870","https://openalex.org/W4205828949","https://openalex.org/W4220742835","https://openalex.org/W4282047883","https://openalex.org/W4293916948","https://openalex.org/W4295137872","https://openalex.org/W4311711335","https://openalex.org/W4315928996","https://openalex.org/W4319083833","https://openalex.org/W4321484315","https://openalex.org/W4364361361","https://openalex.org/W4366724916","https://openalex.org/W4377693179","https://openalex.org/W4380769213","https://openalex.org/W4384470813","https://openalex.org/W4385319933","https://openalex.org/W4386601358","https://openalex.org/W4387857432","https://openalex.org/W4390102506","https://openalex.org/W4391545984","https://openalex.org/W4396615223","https://openalex.org/W4396982193","https://openalex.org/W4398150616","https://openalex.org/W4399332528","https://openalex.org/W4399354256","https://openalex.org/W4399446810","https://openalex.org/W4400276741","https://openalex.org/W4402093547","https://openalex.org/W4404239715"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,176],"integration":[2],"of":[3,38,150,169,183,190],"machine":[4],"learning":[5,9],"(ML),":[6],"particularly":[7],"deep":[8],"(DL),":[10],"in":[11,32,49,86,93,128,163],"network":[12],"intrusion":[13],"detection":[14,181],"systems":[15,24],"(NIDSs)":[16],"has":[17],"witnessed":[18],"exponential":[19],"growth.":[20],"Notably,":[21],"these":[22],"intelligent":[23],"exhibit":[25],"significant":[26,161],"vulnerability":[27],"to":[28,52,61,106,137,143,171],"adversarial":[29,40,46,75,108],"manipulations,":[30],"especially":[31],"security-critical":[33],"environments.":[34],"A":[35,147],"critical":[36],"limitation":[37],"conventional":[39],"generation":[41],"approaches\u2014predominantly":[42],"relying":[43],"on":[44],"generative":[45],"networks":[47],"(GANs)\u2014lies":[48],"their":[50],"inability":[51],"produce":[53],"diverse":[54],"traffic":[55,144],"patterns.":[56],"This":[57],"shortcoming":[58],"allows":[59],"detectors":[60],"quickly":[62],"identify":[63],"such":[64],"instances":[65,109,140],"after":[66],"retraining.":[67],"To":[68],"bridge":[69],"this":[70],"gap,":[71],"we":[72],"propose":[73],"an":[74,186],"attack":[76],"framework,":[77],"TDTCE":[78,100,151],"(Traffic":[79],"Diffusion":[80],"Models":[81],"with":[82,167,185],"Transformers":[83],"against":[84],"NIDS":[85],"Constrained":[87],"Environments),":[88],"which":[89],"surpasses":[90],"previous":[91],"efforts":[92],"the":[94,157],"following":[95],"aspects:":[96],"(i)":[97],"Generative":[98],"diversity.":[99],"utilizes":[101],"a":[102,132,179],"Transformer-based":[103],"diffusion":[104],"model":[105],"generate":[107],"that":[110,156],"more":[111],"effectively":[112],"deceive":[113],"NIDSs;":[114],"(ii)":[115],"Practical":[116],"feasibility.":[117],"By":[118],"restricting":[119],"prior":[120],"knowledge,":[121],"gray-box":[122],"and":[123,131],"black-box":[124],"attacks":[125],"are":[126],"conducted":[127],"real-world":[129],"scenarios":[130],"mapping":[133],"function":[134],"is":[135],"utilized":[136],"adjust":[138],"generated":[139],"for":[141],"adherence":[142],"protocol":[145],"standards.":[146],"comprehensive":[148],"evaluation":[149],"using":[152],"extensive":[153],"datasets":[154],"demonstrates":[155],"proposed":[158],"framework":[159,177],"achieves":[160,178],"gains":[162],"adaptive":[164],"pattern":[165],"diversity":[166],"improvements":[168],"up":[170],"79.4%":[172],"over":[173],"GAN-based":[174],"approaches.":[175],"minimum":[180],"rate":[182,189],"9.16%,":[184],"escape":[187],"increase":[188],"89.64%\u201316.52%":[191],"higher":[192],"than":[193],"state-of-the-art":[194],"baselines.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-21T06:12:48.119943","created_date":"2026-03-28T00:00:00"}