{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133951528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxaf153","title":"Hallux valgus diagnosis on X-rays with skeleton-guided diffusion","display_name":"Hallux valgus diagnosis on X-rays with skeleton-guided diffusion","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133951528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxaf153"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxaf153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxaf153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44643521","display_name":"The Computer Journal","issn_l":"0010-4620","issn":["0010-4620","1460-2067"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Computer Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017641735","display_name":"Midi Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0420-2975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Midi Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Engineering , Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, Shaanxi,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Engineering , Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, Shaanxi,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128198382","display_name":"Pengfei Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294606314","display_name":"Beijing Tongren Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/013e4n276","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294606314"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengfei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Tongren Hospital , Capital Medical University, 100730, Beijing,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Tongren Hospital , Capital Medical University, 100730, Beijing,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294606314"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125285052","display_name":"Yizhuo Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yizhuo Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Engineering , Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, Shaanxi,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Engineering , Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, Shaanxi,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101655559","display_name":"Di Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8648-4848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science , Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7034, Tr\u00f8ndelag,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science , Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7034, Tr\u00f8ndelag,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128160720","display_name":"Yushan Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155156","display_name":"Merseytravel","ror":"https://ror.org/05azmgh93","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155156"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yushan Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science , University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, Merseyside,","Department of Computing , Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science , University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, Merseyside,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155156","https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing , Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126450302","display_name":"Guangzhen Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63371133","display_name":"Chongqing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01t001k65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63371133"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangzhen Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics , Chongqing Jiaotong University, 400074, Chongqing,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics , Chongqing Jiaotong University, 400074, Chongqing,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63371133"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059746697","display_name":"Feng Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0732-1109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294606314","display_name":"Beijing Tongren Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/013e4n276","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294606314"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Tongren Hospital , Capital Medical University, 100730, Beijing,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Tongren Hospital , Capital Medical University, 100730, Beijing,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294606314"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128132754","display_name":"Hao Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Engineering , Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, Shaanxi,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Engineering , Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, Shaanxi,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017641735"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":{"value":2635,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3232},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36362623,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"5","first_page":"918","last_page":"927"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10455","display_name":"Foot and Ankle Surgery","score":0.18129999935626984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10455","display_name":"Foot and Ankle Surgery","score":0.18129999935626984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.10300000011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11984","display_name":"Anatomy and Medical Technology","score":0.04490000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5812000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5688999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/valgus","display_name":"Valgus","score":0.5620999932289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5324000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion","display_name":"Diffusion","score":0.427700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.39820000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.38929998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3873000144958496}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5812000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5688999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781017183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7911553","display_name":"Valgus","level":2,"score":0.5620999932289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5324000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.427700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.40119999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.39820000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.38929998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3873000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779982284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1182746","display_name":"Deformity","level":2,"score":0.3720000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3562000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778879847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14541638","display_name":"Valgus deformity","level":3,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3034000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36454342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Radiography","level":2,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31487907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154597","display_name":"Polygon mesh","level":2,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2567000091075897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxaf153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxaf153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44643521","display_name":"The Computer Journal","issn_l":"0010-4620","issn":["0010-4620","1460-2067"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Computer Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2102166818","https://openalex.org/W2921217598","https://openalex.org/W2962785568","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2995221098","https://openalex.org/W3017078467","https://openalex.org/W3046893543","https://openalex.org/W3047142913","https://openalex.org/W3176466780","https://openalex.org/W4225773339","https://openalex.org/W4319985502","https://openalex.org/W4384499263","https://openalex.org/W4386878217","https://openalex.org/W4387226001","https://openalex.org/W4387651443","https://openalex.org/W4388993443","https://openalex.org/W4389252466","https://openalex.org/W4390873084","https://openalex.org/W4390874575","https://openalex.org/W4391754411","https://openalex.org/W4392114275","https://openalex.org/W4392607692","https://openalex.org/W4393148042","https://openalex.org/W4393154023","https://openalex.org/W4400152032","https://openalex.org/W4400314812","https://openalex.org/W4404179934","https://openalex.org/W4406416217","https://openalex.org/W4409248232","https://openalex.org/W4409883006","https://openalex.org/W4410296334","https://openalex.org/W4413147058"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Medical":[1],"image":[2,62],"synthesis":[3],"plays":[4],"a":[5],"crucial":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,42,70],"providing":[9],"anatomically":[10],"accurate":[11,164],"images":[12],"for":[13,33],"diagnosis":[14],"and":[15,39,66,93,110,118,129,142,151,161],"treatment.":[16],"Hallux":[17],"valgus":[18],"(HV),":[19],"which":[20,35],"affects":[21],"approximately":[22],"19%":[23],"of":[24,50,103,149,158],"the":[25,48,79,100,122,130,155],"global":[26],"population,":[27],"often":[28,58],"requires":[29],"frequent":[30],"weight-bearing":[31],"X-rays":[32,105],"assessment,":[34],"can":[36],"be":[37],"costly":[38],"logistically":[40],"challenging":[41],"resource-limited":[43],"healthcare":[44],"settings":[45],"due":[46],"to":[47,60,98],"scarcity":[49],"horizontal":[51],"foot":[52],"imaging":[53],"systems.":[54],"Existing":[55],"X-ray":[56],"models":[57],"struggle":[59],"balance":[61],"fidelity,":[63],"skeletal":[64,75],"consistency,":[65],"physical":[67],"constraints,":[68],"particularly":[69],"diffusion-based":[71],"methods":[72],"that":[73],"lack":[74],"guidance.":[76],"We":[77],"propose":[78],"skeletal-constrained":[80],"conditional":[81],"diffusion":[82],"model":[83],"(SCCDM)":[84],"along":[85],"with":[86,140],"two":[87],"evaluation":[88],"metrics,":[89],"keypoint":[90,94,108],"confidence-completeness":[91],"(KCC)":[92],"structural":[95,111,123],"consistency":[96],"(KSC),":[97],"assess":[99],"anatomical":[101],"plausibility":[102],"generated":[104],"based":[106],"on":[107],"confidence":[109],"consistency.":[112],"SCCDM":[113],"incorporates":[114],"multi-scale":[115],"feature":[116],"extraction":[117],"attention":[119],"mechanisms,":[120],"improving":[121],"similarity":[124],"index":[125],"by":[126,134],"5.72%":[127],"(0.794)":[128],"peak":[131],"signal-to-noise":[132],"ratio":[133],"18.34%":[135],"(21.40":[136],"dB).":[137],"When":[138],"combined":[139],"KCC":[141],"KSC,":[143],"this":[144],"method":[145],"achieves":[146],"average":[147],"scores":[148],"0.85":[150],"0.84,":[152],"respectively,":[153],"facilitating":[154],"clinical":[156],"assessment":[157],"HV":[159],"deformity":[160],"enabling":[162],"more":[163],"surgical":[165],"intervention.":[166],"The":[167],"code":[168],"is":[169],"available":[170],"at":[171],"https://github.com/midisec/SCCDM.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-03-06T00:00:00"}
