{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413186711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxaf089","title":"Code obfuscation based on deep integration","display_name":"Code obfuscation based on deep integration","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413186711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxaf089"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxaf089","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxaf089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44643521","display_name":"The Computer Journal","issn_l":"0010-4620","issn":["0010-4620","1460-2067"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Computer Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025092456","display_name":"Xiaobing Xiong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086056","display_name":"Henan Institute of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/00ed0hz84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086056"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaobing Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security, Ministry of Education of China , Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000 ,","Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4707-2115","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security, Ministry of Education of China , Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086056"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011640001","display_name":"Zihan Sha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1020-9006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086056","display_name":"Henan Institute of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/00ed0hz84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086056"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihan Sha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security, Ministry of Education of China , Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000 ,","Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1020-9006","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security, Ministry of Education of China , Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086056"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103078504","display_name":"Hui Shu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-1355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086056","display_name":"Henan Institute of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/00ed0hz84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086056"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hui Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security, Ministry of Education of China , Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000 ,","Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-1355","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security, Ministry of Education of China , Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086056"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086056"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ran Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-1105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086056","display_name":"Henan Institute of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/00ed0hz84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086056"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ran Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security, Ministry of Education of China , Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000 ,","Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-1105","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security, Ministry of Education of China , Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086056"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086056"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103078504"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086056"],"apc_list":{"value":2635,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3232},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0164,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77787311,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"12","first_page":"1980","last_page":"1995"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.8510870933532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7857989072799683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.6042988300323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4497867524623871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2748291492462158}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.8510870933532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7857989072799683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.6042988300323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4497867524623871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2748291492462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxaf089","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxaf089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44643521","display_name":"The Computer Journal","issn_l":"0010-4620","issn":["0010-4620","1460-2067"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Computer Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538186256","https://openalex.org/W1567046609","https://openalex.org/W1986810585","https://openalex.org/W2014559961","https://openalex.org/W2062341755","https://openalex.org/W2108551812","https://openalex.org/W2151500194","https://openalex.org/W2163801980","https://openalex.org/W2516372287","https://openalex.org/W2586453064","https://openalex.org/W2592813858","https://openalex.org/W2926178846","https://openalex.org/W2953094098","https://openalex.org/W2990227674","https://openalex.org/W3014581084","https://openalex.org/W3117778340","https://openalex.org/W3208610237","https://openalex.org/W4200307116","https://openalex.org/W4210288477","https://openalex.org/W4247464060","https://openalex.org/W4298257387","https://openalex.org/W4308562609","https://openalex.org/W4311166089","https://openalex.org/W4312224523","https://openalex.org/W4318680489","https://openalex.org/W4399548007","https://openalex.org/W6647708292","https://openalex.org/W6652698243","https://openalex.org/W6671955998","https://openalex.org/W6730479528","https://openalex.org/W6743538318","https://openalex.org/W6743716703","https://openalex.org/W6748517675","https://openalex.org/W6756838142","https://openalex.org/W6794857282","https://openalex.org/W6803432071","https://openalex.org/W6839989202","https://openalex.org/W6861932289","https://openalex.org/W6864381578","https://openalex.org/W6869145669","https://openalex.org/W7039513616"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4224216661","https://openalex.org/W2132360941","https://openalex.org/W3210347767","https://openalex.org/W2066014542","https://openalex.org/W67940504","https://openalex.org/W2024170198","https://openalex.org/W2152144666"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Code":[1],"obfuscation":[2,10,36,45,119],"is":[3,98],"essential":[4],"for":[5],"software":[6,152],"security.":[7],"However,":[8],"current":[9],"techniques":[11],"demonstrate":[12],"limited":[13],"resilience":[14,124],"against":[15],"systematic":[16],"reverse":[17,127],"engineering":[18,128],"attacks\u2014including":[19],"taint":[20],"analysis":[21],"and":[22,34,51,78,123],"code":[23,93],"similarity":[24],"detection.":[25],"Moreover,":[26],"these":[27],"methods":[28],"often":[29],"incur":[30],"considerable":[31],"resource":[32],"overheads":[33],"recognizable":[35],"features.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39],"paper,":[40],"we":[41],"propose":[42],"an":[43],"innovative":[44],"algorithm":[46,113],"that":[47,134],"integrates":[48],"the":[49,58,66,76,82,87,91,95,104],"instruction":[50],"data":[52],"flows":[53],"of":[54,69,81],"two":[55],"programs":[56],"at":[57],"intermediate":[59],"representation":[60],"level.":[61],"The":[62],"resulting":[63],"program":[64,84,97],"maintains":[65],"complete":[67],"functionality":[68,117],"both":[70],"original":[71],"programs.":[72],"This":[73],"strategy":[74],"utilizes":[75],"static":[77],"dynamic":[79],"features":[80],"parent":[83],"to":[85,108,125],"obfuscate":[86],"target":[88,92,105],"program.":[89],"Extracting":[90],"from":[94],"integrated":[96],"a":[99,148],"significant":[100,149],"challenge,":[101],"thereby":[102],"enhancing":[103],"code\u2019s":[106],"resistance":[107],"deobfuscation.":[109],"We":[110],"evaluate":[111],"our":[112,135],"across":[114],"various":[115],"metrics:":[116],"correctness,":[118],"efficiency,":[120],"protection":[121,145],"strength,":[122],"automated":[126],"techniques.":[129],"Our":[130],"comprehensive":[131],"evaluation":[132],"demonstrates":[133],"method":[136],"imposes":[137],"significantly":[138],"lower":[139],"overhead":[140],"while":[141],"delivering":[142],"markedly":[143],"improved":[144],"effectiveness,":[146],"marking":[147],"advancement":[150],"in":[151],"protection.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-23T06:36:01.041984","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
