{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401065483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxae070","title":"K-Nearest neighbor smart contract classification with semantic feature enhancement","display_name":"K-Nearest neighbor smart contract classification with semantic feature enhancement","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401065483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxae070"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxae070","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxae070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44643521","display_name":"The Computer Journal","issn_l":"0010-4620","issn":["0010-4620","1460-2067"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Computer Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022985434","display_name":"Gang Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gang Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology , No. 579 Qianwangang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590,","College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, No. 579 Qianwangang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology , No. 579 Qianwangang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, No. 579 Qianwangang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104035511","display_name":"Guangxin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2419-3325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangxin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology , No. 579 Qianwangang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590,","College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, No. 579 Qianwangang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology , No. 579 Qianwangang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, No. 579 Qianwangang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115695180","display_name":"Rui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5492-8977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Energy and Mining Engineerin, Shandong University of Science and Technology , No. 579 Qianwangang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590,","College of Energy and Mining Engineerin, Shandong University of Science and Technology, No. 579 Qianwangang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Energy and Mining Engineerin, Shandong University of Science and Technology , No. 579 Qianwangang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Energy and Mining Engineerin, Shandong University of Science and Technology, No. 579 Qianwangang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062443177","display_name":"Jiachang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0897-3603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiachang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology , No. 579 Qianwangang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590,","College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, No. 579 Qianwangang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology , No. 579 Qianwangang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, No. 579 Qianwangang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100330330","display_name":"Cheng He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4218-8454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology , No. 579 Qianwangang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590,","College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, No. 579 Qianwangang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology , No. 579 Qianwangang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, No. 579 Qianwangang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022985434"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"],"apc_list":{"value":2635,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3232},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09800815,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"11","first_page":"3067","last_page":"3079"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9599000215530396,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9599000215530396,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13999","display_name":"Digital Rights Management and Security","score":0.9336000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8028895854949951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6256873607635498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors-algorithm","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","score":0.6149618625640869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.6008179783821106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.5616022348403931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5305664539337158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.4924839437007904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-feature","display_name":"Semantic feature","score":0.43821412324905396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.43421363830566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.43068766593933105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4210388958454132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4205203652381897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4165806174278259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.41085323691368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40145522356033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.16121405363082886}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8028895854949951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6256873607635498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113238511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071612","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","level":2,"score":0.6149618625640869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.6008179783821106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.5616022348403931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5305664539337158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4924839437007904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781122975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16928266","display_name":"Semantic feature","level":2,"score":0.43821412324905396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.43421363830566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.43068766593933105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4210388958454132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4205203652381897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4165806174278259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.41085323691368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40145522356033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.16121405363082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxae070","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxae070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44643521","display_name":"The Computer Journal","issn_l":"0010-4620","issn":["0010-4620","1460-2067"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Computer Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W2107878631","https://openalex.org/W2166912588","https://openalex.org/W2516621648","https://openalex.org/W2572396395","https://openalex.org/W2604675517","https://openalex.org/W2789655955","https://openalex.org/W2789962766","https://openalex.org/W2949297108","https://openalex.org/W2950768109","https://openalex.org/W2963355447","https://openalex.org/W2963958373","https://openalex.org/W2970597249","https://openalex.org/W2971092323","https://openalex.org/W3009880320","https://openalex.org/W3010181709","https://openalex.org/W3035690777","https://openalex.org/W3102232851","https://openalex.org/W3102839769","https://openalex.org/W3175000455","https://openalex.org/W3176636969","https://openalex.org/W3192478068","https://openalex.org/W4236965008","https://openalex.org/W4238846128","https://openalex.org/W4255386139","https://openalex.org/W6639301165","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6748611673","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6761683879","https://openalex.org/W6763701032","https://openalex.org/W6768021236","https://openalex.org/W6770717842","https://openalex.org/W6770813465","https://openalex.org/W6796093280","https://openalex.org/W6796451414","https://openalex.org/W6798331968","https://openalex.org/W6802424604"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2081900870","https://openalex.org/W2037549926","https://openalex.org/W2345479200","https://openalex.org/W2183306018","https://openalex.org/W2849310602","https://openalex.org/W3006008237","https://openalex.org/W1983936910","https://openalex.org/W2119708974","https://openalex.org/W1577418480","https://openalex.org/W2203841906"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"How":[1],"to":[2,83,105,116,129,146,150],"quickly":[3],"and":[4,49,78,95,126,142],"accurately":[5],"retrieve":[6,117],"relevant":[7],"smart":[8,15,27,39,62,101],"contracts":[9,16,28,63,121],"from":[10,44],"a":[11,30,50,75,164,168],"huge":[12],"amount":[13],"of":[14,26,52,54,57,64,99,109,120,154],"has":[17],"become":[18],"an":[19],"urgent":[20],"need":[21],"for":[22],"users.":[23],"The":[24],"classification":[25,41],"offers":[29],"solution":[31],"by":[32,162],"narrowing":[33],"down":[34],"the":[35,55,65,70,100,107,110,123,130,155,175],"search":[36],"space.":[37],"Existing":[38],"contract":[40,102],"methods":[42],"suffer":[43],"incomplete":[45],"semantic":[46,79,143],"feature":[47,80,144],"extraction":[48],"lack":[51],"consideration":[53],"existence":[56],"rich":[58],"semantics":[59,108],"in":[60,122],"existing":[61],"same":[66,124,156],"class.":[67,157],"To":[68],"address":[69],"above":[71],"problems,":[72],"we":[73,138],"propose":[74],"contrast":[76],"learning":[77,141],"embedding":[81,145],"approach":[82],"enhance":[84,147],"K-Nearest":[85],"Neighbor":[86],"(CL-SFE-IKNN).":[87],"Our":[88,112],"method":[89,113],"fuses":[90],"local":[91],"features,":[92,94],"global":[93],"account":[96],"transaction":[97],"features":[98],"source":[103],"code":[104],"perfect":[106],"contract.":[111],"adopts":[114],"KNN":[115,148,165],"multiple":[118],"instances":[119],"class":[125],"assigns":[127],"weights":[128],"model":[131,173],"output":[132],"based":[133],"on":[134],"their":[135],"labels.":[136],"Meanwhile,":[137],"introduce":[139],"contrastive":[140],"retrieval":[149],"high-quality":[151],"nearest":[152],"neighbors":[153],"Experimental":[158],"results":[159],"show":[160],"that":[161],"combining":[163],"classifier":[166],"with":[167,179],"traditional":[169],"linear":[170],"classifier,":[171],"our":[172],"achieves":[174],"best":[176],"performance":[177],"compared":[178],"other":[180],"baseline":[181],"models.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}