{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388458839","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxad105","title":"An Intrusion Detection Method Based on Attention Mechanism to Improve CNN-BiLSTM Model","display_name":"An Intrusion Detection Method Based on Attention Mechanism to Improve CNN-BiLSTM Model","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388458839","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxad105"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxad105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxad105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44643521","display_name":"The Computer Journal","issn_l":"0010-4620","issn":["0010-4620","1460-2067"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Computer Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026284824","display_name":"Dingyu Shou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4378-1603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23632641","display_name":"Shanghai University of Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/02w4tny03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23632641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dingyu Shou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Electric Power , Shanghai 201306, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Electric Power , Shanghai 201306, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23632641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100323311","display_name":"Chao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7926-3373"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Digital Technology Holding Co., Ltd. , Beijing 100053, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Digital Technology Holding Co., Ltd. , Beijing 100053, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100422399","display_name":"Zhen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0019-8240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23632641","display_name":"Shanghai University of Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/02w4tny03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23632641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Electric Power , Shanghai 201306, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Electric Power , Shanghai 201306, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23632641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071412289","display_name":"Song Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7652-9344"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089056","display_name":"Beijing Microelectronics Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/007y7ej30","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089056"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Key Laboratory of Power Industrial Chip Design and Analysis Technology, Beijing Smart-Chip Microelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. , Beijing 100192, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Key Laboratory of Power Industrial Chip Design and Analysis Technology, Beijing Smart-Chip Microelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. , Beijing 100192, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100600905","display_name":"Xiaobo Sharon Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6636-9738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089056","display_name":"Beijing Microelectronics Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/007y7ej30","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089056"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaobo Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Key Laboratory of Power Industrial Chip Design and Analysis Technology, Beijing Smart-Chip Microelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. , Beijing 100192, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Key Laboratory of Power Industrial Chip Design and Analysis Technology, Beijing Smart-Chip Microelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. , Beijing 100192, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056376119","display_name":"Kai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9728-4051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23632641","display_name":"Shanghai University of Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/02w4tny03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23632641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Electric Power , Shanghai 201306, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Electric Power , Shanghai 201306, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23632641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078716867","display_name":"Mi Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4328-6507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23632641","display_name":"Shanghai University of Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/02w4tny03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23632641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mi Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Electric Power , Shanghai 201306, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Electric Power , Shanghai 201306, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23632641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100424412","display_name":"Yong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1448-8938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23632641","display_name":"Shanghai University of Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/02w4tny03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23632641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Electric Power , Shanghai 201306, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Electric Power , Shanghai 201306, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23632641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100424412"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23632641"],"apc_list":{"value":2635,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3232},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4037,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82829356,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"5","first_page":"1851","last_page":"1865"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8381795883178711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.7679746150970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5694451332092285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5196900963783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.490266352891922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-security","display_name":"Network security","score":0.445426344871521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4391668736934662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.426146924495697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.41186124086380005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35235756635665894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.06717947125434875}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8381795883178711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.7679746150970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5694451332092285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5196900963783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.490266352891922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.445426344871521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4391668736934662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.426146924495697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.41186124086380005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35235756635665894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.06717947125434875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxad105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxad105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44643521","display_name":"The Computer Journal","issn_l":"0010-4620","issn":["0010-4620","1460-2067"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Computer Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1611947856","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62372285","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2365923814","display_name":"\u7535\u529bSCADA\u7cfb\u7edf\u5047\u6570\u636e\u6ce8\u5165\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe\u8c31\u68c0\u6d4b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"20ZR1455900","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309612","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4474614340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22QA1403800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327803","funder_display_name":"Shanghai Rising-Star Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5340839507","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1936213","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7229980659","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21XD1421500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335796","funder_display_name":"Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309612","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327803","display_name":"Shanghai Rising-Star Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335796","display_name":"Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2888898286","https://openalex.org/W2892911634","https://openalex.org/W2979563069","https://openalex.org/W3005805195","https://openalex.org/W3006903471","https://openalex.org/W3017269319","https://openalex.org/W3040389479","https://openalex.org/W3086419524","https://openalex.org/W3109608767","https://openalex.org/W3116274835","https://openalex.org/W3119160111","https://openalex.org/W3120795858","https://openalex.org/W3153029966","https://openalex.org/W3160455160","https://openalex.org/W3161599138","https://openalex.org/W3164999323","https://openalex.org/W3177795942","https://openalex.org/W3193327991","https://openalex.org/W3195279647","https://openalex.org/W3205985117","https://openalex.org/W3217392568","https://openalex.org/W4210858069","https://openalex.org/W4220744793","https://openalex.org/W4223912177","https://openalex.org/W4224220262","https://openalex.org/W4224284455","https://openalex.org/W4226063820","https://openalex.org/W4229046377","https://openalex.org/W4229456235","https://openalex.org/W4283067758","https://openalex.org/W4286511258","https://openalex.org/W4292157811","https://openalex.org/W4294690557","https://openalex.org/W4295854510","https://openalex.org/W4311703141","https://openalex.org/W4313509086","https://openalex.org/W4316664875","https://openalex.org/W4317040541","https://openalex.org/W4321503132","https://openalex.org/W4322493038","https://openalex.org/W4322755838","https://openalex.org/W4323022372","https://openalex.org/W4323911415","https://openalex.org/W4376130364","https://openalex.org/W4376880182","https://openalex.org/W4378071625","https://openalex.org/W4381890377","https://openalex.org/W6609664204","https://openalex.org/W6810271858","https://openalex.org/W6810472431","https://openalex.org/W6810831141"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061466315","https://openalex.org/W2376886931","https://openalex.org/W2010561419","https://openalex.org/W2374845301","https://openalex.org/W2351448539","https://openalex.org/W1977863481","https://openalex.org/W2384741105","https://openalex.org/W3157271777","https://openalex.org/W2377372927","https://openalex.org/W1495178644"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Security":[1],"of":[2,11,30,129,143,150,157],"computer":[3],"information":[4],"can":[5],"be":[6],"improved":[7],"with":[8,74],"the":[9,18,32,37,100,105,125,147,154],"use":[10,99,109],"a":[12,58,68,75],"network":[13,19,33,44],"intrusion":[14,39,48,60],"detection":[15,40,49,61],"system.":[16],"Since":[17],"environment":[20],"is":[21,152],"becoming":[22],"more":[23,25,27,54],"complex,":[24],"and":[26,127,146],"new":[28,59],"methods":[29,41,93],"attacking":[31],"have":[34],"emerged,":[35],"making":[36],"original":[38],"ineffective.":[42],"Increased":[43],"activity":[45],"also":[46],"causes":[47],"systems":[50],"to":[51,103,119,135],"identify":[52],"errors":[53],"frequently.":[55],"We":[56,87],"suggest":[57],"technique":[62],"in":[63,94,159],"this":[64],"research":[65],"that":[66],"combines":[67],"Convolutional":[69],"Neural":[70],"Network":[71,80],"(CNN)":[72],"model":[73,82,90],"Bi-directional":[76],"Long":[77],"Short-term":[78],"Memory":[79],"(BiLSTM)":[81],"for":[83],"adding":[84,132],"attention":[85,133],"mechanisms.":[86],"distinguish":[88],"our":[89],"from":[91],"existing":[92],"three":[95],"ways.":[96],"First,":[97],"we":[98,108,123],"NCR-SMOTE":[101],"algorithm":[102],"resample":[104],"dataset.":[106],"Secondly,":[107],"recursive":[110],"feature":[111],"elimination":[112],"method":[113],"based":[114],"on":[115],"extreme":[116],"random":[117],"tree":[118],"select":[120],"features.":[121],"Thirdly,":[122],"improve":[124],"profitability":[126],"accuracy":[128,148,155],"predictions":[130],"by":[131],"mechanism":[134],"CNN-BiLSTM.":[136],"This":[137],"experiment":[138],"uses":[139],"UNSW-UB15":[140],"dataset":[141,161],"composed":[142],"real":[144],"traffic,":[145],"rate":[149,156],"multi-classification":[151,158],"84.5$\\%$;":[153],"CSE-IC-IDS2018":[160],"reached":[162],"98.3$\\%$.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-13T07:31:44.756512","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}