{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321790777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxad003","title":"Detecting Group Shilling Attacks In Recommender Systems Based On User Multi-dimensional Features And Collusive Behaviour Analysis","display_name":"Detecting Group Shilling Attacks In Recommender Systems Based On User Multi-dimensional Features And Collusive Behaviour Analysis","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321790777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxad003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxad003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxad003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44643521","display_name":"The Computer Journal","issn_l":"0010-4620","issn":["0010-4620","1460-2067"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Computer Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052417295","display_name":"Yishu Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yishu Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province , China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100756144","display_name":"Peng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3640-8716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040501978","display_name":"Hongtao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8836-337X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongtao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province , China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025520904","display_name":"Fuzhi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9595-3589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuzhi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province , China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052417295"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"],"apc_list":{"value":2635,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3232},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0022,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96258837,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"2","first_page":"604","last_page":"616"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.787504255771637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collusion","display_name":"Collusion","score":0.6533031463623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credibility","display_name":"Credibility","score":0.5500293970108032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recommender-system","display_name":"Recommender system","score":0.5085793733596802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.4359857141971588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","score":0.43405479192733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.39127010107040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32344645261764526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.31689485907554626}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.787504255771637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781198186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q701521","display_name":"Collusion","level":2,"score":0.6533031463623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530061","display_name":"Credibility","level":2,"score":0.5500293970108032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557471498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554950","display_name":"Recommender system","level":2,"score":0.5085793733596802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.4359857141971588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.43405479192733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.39127010107040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32344645261764526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.31689485907554626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxad003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxad003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44643521","display_name":"The Computer Journal","issn_l":"0010-4620","issn":["0010-4620","1460-2067"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Computer Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2010326947","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62072393","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4071394278","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772452","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969347587","https://openalex.org/W1977290284","https://openalex.org/W2022613648","https://openalex.org/W2030808931","https://openalex.org/W2044831856","https://openalex.org/W2072315378","https://openalex.org/W2132914434","https://openalex.org/W2262029053","https://openalex.org/W2265872673","https://openalex.org/W2512770120","https://openalex.org/W2591016786","https://openalex.org/W2794121917","https://openalex.org/W2802821711","https://openalex.org/W2902738679","https://openalex.org/W2936224414","https://openalex.org/W2944058868","https://openalex.org/W3020878875","https://openalex.org/W3022182065","https://openalex.org/W3049662176","https://openalex.org/W3075585526","https://openalex.org/W3087849807","https://openalex.org/W3133706083","https://openalex.org/W3158301207","https://openalex.org/W3167725358","https://openalex.org/W3204049561","https://openalex.org/W4293228660","https://openalex.org/W6607019013","https://openalex.org/W6629071484","https://openalex.org/W6653531493","https://openalex.org/W6655875276","https://openalex.org/W6657851162","https://openalex.org/W6667569136","https://openalex.org/W6677398285","https://openalex.org/W6691626848","https://openalex.org/W6758246559","https://openalex.org/W6772706253","https://openalex.org/W6796169121","https://openalex.org/W6799403668","https://openalex.org/W6802446401","https://openalex.org/W7066107601"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009938035","https://openalex.org/W3143020802","https://openalex.org/W1491837399","https://openalex.org/W3122232980","https://openalex.org/W2388687352","https://openalex.org/W2272761499","https://openalex.org/W2363272970","https://openalex.org/W2120306875","https://openalex.org/W1699588379","https://openalex.org/W3143060468"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Group":[1],"shilling":[2,9,33,55,72,115,223],"attacks":[3,10,34,42,56],"are":[4],"more":[5],"threatening":[6],"than":[7,259],"individual":[8],"due":[11],"to":[12,24,69,127,147,166,220],"the":[13,25,37,45,61,71,82,120,129,149,161,168,174,185,196,203,216,226,232,237,248],"collusive":[14,107],"behaviours":[15,73,151,179],"among":[16],"group":[17,32,54,67,114,171,222],"members,":[18],"which":[19,256],"pose":[20],"a":[21,89,98,143,157],"great":[22],"challenge":[23],"credibility":[26,46],"of":[27,31,47,64,74,84,135,145,152,164,170,176,199,236,261],"recommender":[28],"systems.":[29],"Detection":[30],"can":[35,240],"reduce":[36],"risk":[38],"caused":[39],"by":[40],"such":[41],"and":[43,106,123,139,141,180,183,214,245,252],"ensure":[44],"recommendations.":[48],"The":[49],"existing":[50],"methods":[51],"for":[52,112],"detecting":[53,113],"mainly":[57],"extract":[58],"features":[59,105,163,198],"from":[60,133,173],"rating":[62],"patterns":[63,132],"users":[65,165],"at":[66,95],"level":[68],"measure":[70,148,158],"groups.":[75,192,228],"However,":[76],"they":[77],"may":[78],"become":[79],"ineffective":[80],"with":[81,187],"change":[83],"attack":[85],"strategy,":[86],"resulting":[87],"in":[88,91,225],"decrease":[90],"detection":[92,233],"performance.":[93],"Aiming":[94],"this":[96],"problem,":[97],"new":[99],"solution":[100],"based":[101,159,194],"on":[102,160,195,247],"user":[103,130,204],"multi-dimensional":[104,162,197],"behaviour":[108,205],"analysis":[109,126],"is":[110,257],"presented":[111],"attacks.":[116],"First,":[117],"we":[118,155,201],"employ":[119],"information":[121],"entropy":[122],"latent":[124],"semantic":[125],"analyse":[128],"behavioural":[131],"dimensions":[134],"item,":[136],"rating,":[137],"time":[138],"interest,":[140],"propose":[142,156],"suite":[144],"indicators":[146],"anomaly":[150],"users.":[153],"Second,":[154],"capture":[167],"collusion":[169,189],"members":[172],"perspective":[175],"their":[177],"synchronized":[178],"abnormal":[181],"behaviours,":[182],"treat":[184],"groups":[186],"high":[188],"as":[190],"candidate":[191,227],"Finally,":[193],"users,":[200],"construct":[202],"similarity":[206],"matrix":[207],"using":[208],"Gaussian":[209],"radial":[210],"basis":[211],"function":[212],"(Gaussian-RBF)":[213],"adopt":[215],"spectral":[217],"clustering":[218],"algorithm":[219],"spot":[221],"attackers":[224],"Experiments":[229],"show":[230],"that":[231,260],"performance":[234],"(F1-measure)":[235],"proposed":[238],"method":[239],"achieve":[241],"0.965,":[242],"0.964,":[243],"0.991":[244],"0.868":[246],"Netflix,":[249],"CiaoDVD,":[250],"Epinions":[251],"Amazon":[253],"datasets,":[254],"respectively,":[255],"better":[258],"state-of-the-art":[262],"methods.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-17T09:09:15.849793","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}