{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206371619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxab216","title":"Quantum Attacks on 1K-AES and PRINCE","display_name":"Quantum Attacks on 1K-AES and PRINCE","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206371619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxab216"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxab216","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxab216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44643521","display_name":"The Computer Journal","issn_l":"0010-4620","issn":["0010-4620","1460-2067"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Computer Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102949290","display_name":"Bin\u2010Bin Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7407-5932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132990","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryptology","ror":"https://ror.org/02pn5rj08","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132990"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bin-Bin Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Cryptology , P.O. Box 5159, Beijing, 100878, China","State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology , Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Cryptology , P.O. Box 5159, Beijing, 100878, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology , Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001308300","display_name":"Yusen Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4299-6945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yusen Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics , The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics , The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100958820","display_name":"Jing Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2693-9924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology , Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology , Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040230786","display_name":"Su\u2010Juan Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6405-6711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Su-Juan Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology , Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology , Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050423562","display_name":"Fei Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1546-4364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology , Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology , Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071607720","display_name":"Qiaoyan Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7142-9726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiao-Yan Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology , Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology , Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102949290"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4210132990"],"apc_list":{"value":2635,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3232},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5399,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86430794,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"5","first_page":"1102","last_page":"1110"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.638927698135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-algorithm","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","score":0.5924791693687439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5184521079063416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oracle","display_name":"Oracle","score":0.49234259128570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-complexity","display_name":"Time complexity","score":0.4822179079055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.4436708092689514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.40856388211250305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.37737730145454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.36249789595603943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3224026560783386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23700553178787231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.162310391664505}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.638927698135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.5924791693687439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5184521079063416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.49234259128570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C311688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Time complexity","level":2,"score":0.4822179079055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.4436708092689514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.40856388211250305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.37737730145454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36249789595603943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3224026560783386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23700553178787231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.162310391664505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxab216","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxab216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44643521","display_name":"The Computer Journal","issn_l":"0010-4620","issn":["0010-4620","1460-2067"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Computer Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/5ea7024a-3453-4f70-a852-2d79e773b055","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/5ea7024a-3453-4f70-a852-2d79e773b055","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402523","display_name":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (University of Western Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","host_organization_name":"The University of Western Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cai , B B , Wu , Y , Dong , J , Qin , S J , Gao , F &amp; Wen , Q Y 2023 , ' Quantum Attacks on 1K-AES and PRINCE ' , Computer Journal , vol. 66 , no. 5 , pp. 1102-1110 . https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxab216","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G128044982","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019XD-A01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5010162753","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G564676720","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202006470082","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6630218817","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61976024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7731347309","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B21049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492999010","https://openalex.org/W1572300106","https://openalex.org/W1599175145","https://openalex.org/W2020918964","https://openalex.org/W2033216491","https://openalex.org/W2051446825","https://openalex.org/W2057065544","https://openalex.org/W2084652510","https://openalex.org/W2096050004","https://openalex.org/W2117584890","https://openalex.org/W2121981260","https://openalex.org/W2174510006","https://openalex.org/W2284942299","https://openalex.org/W2287031979","https://openalex.org/W2287855069","https://openalex.org/W2415656260","https://openalex.org/W2475911922","https://openalex.org/W2749290289","https://openalex.org/W2764347725","https://openalex.org/W2768897317","https://openalex.org/W2786434003","https://openalex.org/W2794870170","https://openalex.org/W2810849912","https://openalex.org/W2811104474","https://openalex.org/W2890407081","https://openalex.org/W2896604491","https://openalex.org/W2898430977","https://openalex.org/W2963479748","https://openalex.org/W2971134816","https://openalex.org/W2996213718","https://openalex.org/W3009304466","https://openalex.org/W3013816556","https://openalex.org/W3023478445","https://openalex.org/W3034699560","https://openalex.org/W3194037885","https://openalex.org/W4253575943","https://openalex.org/W6767392226","https://openalex.org/W6775583856"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3110702597","https://openalex.org/W2073713056","https://openalex.org/W2125620709","https://openalex.org/W2110441383","https://openalex.org/W2045932760","https://openalex.org/W2326878701","https://openalex.org/W4293864700","https://openalex.org/W1589381382","https://openalex.org/W961142965","https://openalex.org/W4377148448"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"By":[1],"introducing":[2],"the":[3,7,13,20,28,34,38,41,75,84,92,101,106,110,119,134,138,160,165,169,184,193,210,219,233],"BHT":[4,35],"algorithm":[5,36,65],"into":[6],"slide":[8,141,213,221],"attack":[9,15,142,172,199,214,222],"on":[10,16,61,125,143,150,163,173,191,200,215,227],"1K-AES":[11,144,151,216],"and":[12,80,188,237],"related-key":[14],"PRINCE,":[17,164,192],"we":[18,32,52],"present":[19],"corresponding":[21,107],"quantum":[22,30,68,86,112,140,171,198,212,220],"attacks":[23,87,113],"in":[24,66],"this":[25],"paper.":[26],"In":[27],"proposed":[29,111,139,211],"attacks,":[31,109],"generalize":[33],"to":[37,179,207],"situation":[39],"where":[40,98],"number":[42],"of":[43,49,57,83,137,155,168,186,196],"marked":[44],"items":[45],"is":[46,95,100,145,175,202],"unknown":[47],"ahead":[48],"time.":[50],"Moreover,":[51],"give":[53],"an":[54],"implementation":[55],"scheme":[56],"classifier":[58],"oracle":[59],"based":[60],"Quantum":[62],"Phase":[63],"Estimation":[64],"presented":[67,85,170],"attacks.":[69],"The":[70],"complexity":[71,79,82,129,136,167,195],"analysis":[72],"shows":[73],"that":[74,218],"query":[76,126,135,166,194],"complexity,":[77,127],"time":[78,128],"memory":[81,131],"are":[88],"all":[89],"$\\mathcal{O}(2^{n/3})$":[90],"when":[91],"success":[93,121],"probability":[94,122],"about":[96],"$63\\%$,":[97],"$n$":[99],"block":[102],"size.":[103],"Compared":[104],"with":[105,159,183],"classical":[108],"can":[114],"achieve":[115],"subquadratic":[116],"speed-up":[117],"under":[118],"same":[120],"no":[123],"matter":[124],"or":[130],"complexity.":[132],"Furthermore,":[133],"less":[146],"than":[147],"Grover":[148,161,187],"search":[149,162],"by":[152],"a":[153],"factor":[154],"$2^{n/6}.$":[156],"When":[157,181],"compared":[158,182],"PRINCE":[174,201],"reduced":[176,203],"from":[177,204,232],"$\\mathcal{O}(2^{n})$":[178],"$\\mathcal{O}(2^{n/2}).$":[180,208],"combination":[185],"Simon\u2019s":[189],"algorithms":[190],"our":[197],"$\\mathcal{O}(n\\cdot":[205],"2^{n/2})$":[206],"Besides,":[209],"indicates":[217],"could":[223],"also":[224],"be":[225],"applied":[226],"Substitution-Permutation":[228],"Network":[229],"construction,":[230],"apart":[231],"iterated":[234],"Even-Mansour":[235],"cipher":[236],"Feistel":[238],"constructions.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
