{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3019276773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxaa013","title":"A Novel CMA+DD_LMS Blind Equalization Algorithm for Underwater Acoustic Communication","display_name":"A Novel CMA+DD_LMS Blind Equalization Algorithm for Underwater Acoustic Communication","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3019276773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxaa013","mag":"3019276773"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxaa013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxaa013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44643521","display_name":"The Computer Journal","issn_l":"0010-4620","issn":["0010-4620","1460-2067"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Computer Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060260287","display_name":"Jianqiu Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106645853","display_name":"Changchun University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/007mntk44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianqiu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, No. 7089, Weixing Road, Changchun, 130022, Changchun, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, No. 7089, Weixing Road, Changchun, 130022, Changchun, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101678770","display_name":"Xingguang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8037-0049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106645853","display_name":"Changchun University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/007mntk44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xingguang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, No. 7089, Weixing Road, Changchun, 130022, Changchun, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, No. 7089, Weixing Road, Changchun, 130022, Changchun, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100447203","display_name":"Kang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1484-1209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106645853","display_name":"Changchun University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/007mntk44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, No. 7089, Weixing Road, Changchun, 130022, Changchun, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, No. 7089, Weixing Road, Changchun, 130022, Changchun, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024216926","display_name":"Wei Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7686-1059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106645853","display_name":"Changchun University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/007mntk44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, No. 7089, Weixing Road, Changchun, 130022, Changchun, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, No. 7089, Weixing Road, Changchun, 130022, Changchun, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ming Chu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication and Information Systems from the College of Communication Engineering, Jilin University, No. 5372, Nanhu Road, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication and Information Systems from the College of Communication Engineering, Jilin University, No. 5372, Nanhu Road, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101678770"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"],"apc_list":{"value":2635,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3232},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2272,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88463093,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"6","first_page":"974","last_page":"981"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11233","display_name":"Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6310418248176575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6064007878303528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blind-equalization","display_name":"Blind equalization","score":0.5613094568252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater-acoustic-communication","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","score":0.556696355342865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-interference","display_name":"Multipath interference","score":0.48626816272735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4855758547782898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.47850194573402405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.4646078944206238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/least-mean-squares-filter","display_name":"Least mean squares filter","score":0.4627061188220978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equalization","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","score":0.45327460765838623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.45021727681159973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.39820897579193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.2676677703857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14412978291511536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-filter","display_name":"Adaptive filter","score":0.1225152313709259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.11296528577804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08282950520515442}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6310418248176575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6064007878303528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41425797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4926640","display_name":"Blind equalization","level":4,"score":0.5613094568252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169111936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424098","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","level":3,"score":0.556696355342865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174749922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath interference","level":4,"score":0.48626816272735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4855758547782898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.47850194573402405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.4646078944206238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32617633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426666","display_name":"Least mean squares filter","level":3,"score":0.4627061188220978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75755367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104531076","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","level":3,"score":0.45327460765838623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.45021727681159973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.39820897579193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.2676677703857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14412978291511536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102248274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168388","display_name":"Adaptive filter","level":2,"score":0.1225152313709259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.11296528577804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08282950520515442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxaa013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxaa013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44643521","display_name":"The Computer Journal","issn_l":"0010-4620","issn":["0010-4620","1460-2067"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Computer Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520019886","https://openalex.org/W2063198951","https://openalex.org/W2085862300","https://openalex.org/W2119947624","https://openalex.org/W2317964553","https://openalex.org/W2531272140","https://openalex.org/W2620770583","https://openalex.org/W2727078075","https://openalex.org/W2794552640","https://openalex.org/W2804369225","https://openalex.org/W2911198388","https://openalex.org/W2912390397","https://openalex.org/W3099062643"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2545553786","https://openalex.org/W2349154090","https://openalex.org/W2993703512","https://openalex.org/W2133621247","https://openalex.org/W2186363603","https://openalex.org/W2384751807","https://openalex.org/W2118910124","https://openalex.org/W2368621061","https://openalex.org/W2381494073","https://openalex.org/W4308985057"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,132],"performance":[2,143],"of":[3,43,75,83,113,117,127,189,193],"underwater":[4,194],"acoustic":[5],"communication":[6,187,191],"system":[7,192],"is":[8,36,50,102,121,159,171],"affected":[9],"seriously":[10],"by":[11,15,52],"inter-symbol":[12],"interference":[13],"caused":[14],"multipath":[16],"effects.":[17],"Therefore,":[18],"a":[19],"novel":[20],"blind":[21],"equalization":[22,41,140],"algorithm":[23,28,49,109,137,179],"based":[24],"on":[25],"constant":[26],"modulus":[27],"(CMA)":[29],"and":[30,58,65,107,110,141,147,167],"decision-directed":[31],"least":[32],"mean":[33],"square":[34],"(DD_LMS)":[35],"adopted":[37],"to":[38,62,92,183],"improve":[39,93,185],"the":[40,44,47,66,73,80,84,94,98,105,111,114,124,128,136,164,175,186,190],"ability":[42],"system.":[45],"Firstly,":[46],"LMS":[48],"improved":[51,99],"introducing":[53],"inverse":[54],"hyperbolic":[55],"sine":[56],"function":[57,86,101],"three":[59,76],"adjustment":[60,77],"factors":[61],"control":[63],"step-size":[64,85,100],"appropriate":[67],"parameter":[68],"values":[69,82],"are":[70,87],"set":[71],"through":[72],"simulation":[74],"factors.":[78],"Secondly,":[79],"error":[81,90,116,158],"replaced":[88],"with":[89],"expectations":[91],"anti-noise":[95,142],"performance.":[96],"Finally,":[97],"introduced":[103],"into":[104],"CMA":[106,166],"DD_LMS":[108],"difference":[112],"iteration":[115],"adjacent":[118],"k":[119],"times":[120],"used":[122,182],"as":[123],"switching":[125],"condition":[126],"dual":[129],"mode":[130],"algorithm.":[131],"results":[133],"show":[134],"that":[135],"has":[138,197],"good":[139,198],"at":[144,153],"both":[145],"high":[146],"low":[148,154],"signal-to-noise":[149],"ratio":[150],"(SNR),":[151],"especially":[152],"SNR,":[155],"its":[156,168],"steady-state":[157],"~10":[160],"dB":[161],"lower":[162],"than":[163,174],"traditional":[165,176],"convergence":[169],"speed":[170],"~15%":[172],"higher":[173],"CMA.":[177],"This":[178],"can":[180],"be":[181],"effectively":[184],"efficiency":[188],"robots,":[195],"which":[196],"application":[199],"value.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
