{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2909133033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz023","title":"Large-scale analysis of human gene expression variability associates highly variable drug targets with lower drug effectiveness and safety","display_name":"Large-scale analysis of human gene expression variability associates highly variable drug targets with lower drug effectiveness and safety","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2909133033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz023","mag":"2909133033","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30649201"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btz023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz023","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/35/17/3028/29591873/btz023.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/35/17/3028/29591873/btz023.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084073125","display_name":"Eyal Simonovsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7461-5102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eyal Simonovsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, , Beer-Sheva, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7461-5102","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, , Beer-Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015978922","display_name":"Ronen Schuster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8640-4692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronen Schuster","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, , Beer-Sheva, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, , Beer-Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059198564","display_name":"Esti Yeger\u2010Lotem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8279-7898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Esti Yeger-Lotem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, , Beer-Sheva, Israel","National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, , Beer-Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059198564"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"],"apc_list":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"apc_paid":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"fwci":1.5383,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82700757,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"17","first_page":"3028","last_page":"3037"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.5288000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.5288000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.1396999955177307,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.05700000002980232,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.6887305974960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug","display_name":"Drug","score":0.6609718799591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.5350640416145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-expression","display_name":"Variable Expression","score":0.5254958271980286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5079396367073059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.49919986724853516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenotype","display_name":"Phenotype","score":0.4829677641391754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-expression","display_name":"Gene expression","score":0.47062113881111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.4527975022792816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-variation","display_name":"Genetic variation","score":0.4405458867549896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.41131892800331116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics","display_name":"Bioinformatics","score":0.33893901109695435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2953924536705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacology","display_name":"Pharmacology","score":0.23541945219039917}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.6887305974960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.6609718799591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5350640416145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909352501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20998670","display_name":"Variable Expression","level":3,"score":0.5254958271980286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5079396367073059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.49919986724853516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.4829677641391754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.47062113881111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.4527975022792816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68873052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349856","display_name":"Genetic variation","level":3,"score":0.4405458867549896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.41131892800331116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.33893901109695435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2953924536705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.23541945219039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015870","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015870","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015870","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017423","descriptor_name":"Sequence Analysis, RNA","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017423","descriptor_name":"Sequence Analysis, RNA","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017423","descriptor_name":"Sequence Analysis, RNA","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btz023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz023","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/35/17/3028/29591873/btz023.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30649201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30649201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5704499","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6735839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btz023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz023","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/35/17/3028/29591873/btz023.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2775928024","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2435/16","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322252","funder_display_name":"Israel Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7426154803","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"860/13","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322252","funder_display_name":"Israel Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322252","display_name":"Israel Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04sazxf24"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2909133033.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2909133033.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533942137","https://openalex.org/W1816176398","https://openalex.org/W1896195310","https://openalex.org/W1934704664","https://openalex.org/W1973406691","https://openalex.org/W1977898022","https://openalex.org/W1979189074","https://openalex.org/W1979302584","https://openalex.org/W1981457705","https://openalex.org/W1993009001","https://openalex.org/W2012034410","https://openalex.org/W2017331060","https://openalex.org/W2038963685","https://openalex.org/W2052733258","https://openalex.org/W2053399504","https://openalex.org/W2063280109","https://openalex.org/W2065220212","https://openalex.org/W2070159032","https://openalex.org/W2080257278","https://openalex.org/W2086632167","https://openalex.org/W2091212941","https://openalex.org/W2108182085","https://openalex.org/W2114104545","https://openalex.org/W2114870653","https://openalex.org/W2115854144","https://openalex.org/W2142109616","https://openalex.org/W2155033804","https://openalex.org/W2159608690","https://openalex.org/W2164963807","https://openalex.org/W2165605429","https://openalex.org/W2170146596","https://openalex.org/W2171501288","https://openalex.org/W2255331344","https://openalex.org/W2262742005","https://openalex.org/W2263739890","https://openalex.org/W2406250479","https://openalex.org/W2466552881","https://openalex.org/W2513408092","https://openalex.org/W2557976825","https://openalex.org/W2592398938","https://openalex.org/W2761275051","https://openalex.org/W2787729717","https://openalex.org/W2951885137","https://openalex.org/W4252232449","https://openalex.org/W6645831740"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1840542775","https://openalex.org/W4200132411","https://openalex.org/W2416830231","https://openalex.org/W3003578468","https://openalex.org/W2336657400","https://openalex.org/W1483913375","https://openalex.org/W2088351705","https://openalex.org/W2988900420","https://openalex.org/W2264602519","https://openalex.org/W2061547267"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"MOTIVATION:":[0],"The":[1],"effectiveness":[2,154,234],"of":[3,11,35,57,78,86,119,124,132,149,173,206,223,235],"drugs":[4,135,151,158,175,177,187],"tends":[5],"to":[6,44,90,115,121,129,164,176,229],"vary":[7],"between":[8,212],"patients.":[9,26],"One":[10],"the":[12,54,83,110,169,182,204,230],"well-known":[13],"reasons":[14],"for":[15],"this":[16,45,50],"phenomenon":[17],"is":[18,113,238,250],"genetic":[19],"polymorphisms":[20],"in":[21,32,168,256],"drug":[22,36,62,138,207,224,242],"target":[23,37,63,130,139,208,225],"genes":[24,38,91,131,140,162,192,209,226],"among":[25],"Here,":[27],"we":[28,52,69,201],"propose":[29],"that":[30,137,157,178,185,203,220],"differences":[31,200],"expression":[33,55,84,94,102,221],"levels":[34,103],"across":[39,65],"individuals":[40],"can":[41],"also":[42],"contribute":[43,228],"phenomenon.":[46],"RESULTS:":[47],"To":[48],"explore":[49],"hypothesis,":[51],"analyzed":[53],"variability":[56,73,85,205,222],"protein-coding":[58,146],"genes,":[59,64],"and":[60,112,128,214,233,237,244],"particularly":[61],"individuals.":[66],"For":[67],"this,":[68],"developed":[70],"a":[71,253],"novel":[72],"measure,":[74],"termed":[75],"local":[76],"coefficient":[77],"variation":[79,111],"(LCV),":[80],"which":[81],"ranks":[82],"each":[87],"gene":[88],"relative":[89],"with":[92,152],"similar":[93,211],"levels.":[95],"Unlike":[96],"commonly":[97],"used":[98],"methods,":[99],"LCV":[100,120,249],"neutralizes":[101],"biases":[104],"without":[105],"imposing":[106],"any":[107],"distribution":[108],"over":[109],"robust":[114],"data":[116,262],"incompleteness.":[117],"Application":[118],"RNA-sequencing":[122],"profiles":[123],"19":[125],"human":[126],"tissues":[127],"1076":[133],"approved":[134,174,194],"revealed":[136],"were":[141,179],"significantly":[142,189],"more":[143,190],"variable":[144,161,191,231],"than":[145,193],"genes.":[147],"Analysis":[148],"113":[150],"available":[153,251,264],"scores":[155],"showed":[156,184],"targeting":[159],"highly":[160],"tended":[163],"be":[165],"less":[166],"effective":[167],"population.":[170],"Furthermore,":[171],"comparison":[172],"withdrawn":[180,186],"from":[181],"market":[183],"targeted":[188],"drugs.":[195],"Last,":[196],"upon":[197],"analyzing":[198],"gender":[199],"found":[202],"was":[210],"men":[213],"women.":[215],"Altogether,":[216],"our":[217],"results":[218],"suggest":[219],"could":[227],"responsiveness":[232],"drugs,":[236],"worth":[239],"considering":[240],"during":[241],"treatment":[243],"development.":[245],"AVAILABILITY":[246],"AND":[247],"IMPLEMENTATION:":[248],"as":[252],"python":[254],"script":[255],"GitHub":[257],"(https://github.com/eyalsim/LCV).":[258],"SUPPLEMENTARY":[259],"INFORMATION:":[260],"Supplementary":[261],"are":[263],"at":[265],"Bioinformatics":[266],"online.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
