{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2515217061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btw577","title":"Gene- and pathway-based association tests for multiple traits with GWAS summary statistics","display_name":"Gene- and pathway-based association tests for multiple traits with GWAS summary statistics","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2515217061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btw577","mag":"2515217061","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27592708"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btw577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btw577","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/33/1/64/25140326/btw577.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/33/1/64/25140326/btw577.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014457836","display_name":"Il\u2010Youp Kwak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7117-7669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Il-Youp Kwak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018997928","display_name":"Wei Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1159-0582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018997928"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"],"apc_list":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.814,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96767193,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"1","first_page":"64","last_page":"71"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10136","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Inference","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genome-wide-association-study","display_name":"Genome-wide association study","score":0.8716603517532349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trait","display_name":"Trait","score":0.5877323746681213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-association","display_name":"Genetic association","score":0.5778271555900574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/summary-statistics","display_name":"Summary statistics","score":0.5447630882263184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-nucleotide-polymorphism","display_name":"Single-nucleotide polymorphism","score":0.5204991698265076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snp","display_name":"SNP","score":0.5074369311332703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.48534145951271057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.47479552030563354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association-test","display_name":"Association test","score":0.47402411699295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-power","display_name":"Statistical power","score":0.462552934885025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45038843154907227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association","display_name":"Association (psychology)","score":0.44262662529945374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.425332248210907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-i-and-type-ii-errors","display_name":"Type I and type II errors","score":0.42487871646881104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32192280888557434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.2679837942123413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.2451801300048828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1782820224761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genotype","display_name":"Genotype","score":0.09695151448249817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.06923052668571472}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106208931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1098876","display_name":"Genome-wide association study","level":5,"score":0.8716603517532349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106934330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971873","display_name":"Trait","level":2,"score":0.5877323746681213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186413461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744727","display_name":"Genetic association","level":5,"score":0.5778271555900574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32792767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1370484","display_name":"Summary statistics","level":2,"score":0.5447630882263184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153209595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501128","display_name":"Single-nucleotide polymorphism","level":4,"score":0.5204991698265076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139275648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17134011","display_name":"SNP","level":5,"score":0.5074369311332703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.48534145951271057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.47479552030563354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994538360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q774081","display_name":"Association test","level":5,"score":0.47402411699295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96608239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199823","display_name":"Statistical power","level":2,"score":0.462552934885025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45038843154907227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44262662529945374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.425332248210907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40696583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989120","display_name":"Type I and type II errors","level":2,"score":0.42487871646881104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32192280888557434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.2679837942123413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.2451801300048828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1782820224761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.09695151448249817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.06923052668571472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005796","descriptor_name":"Genes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005796","descriptor_name":"Genes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005796","descriptor_name":"Genes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014644","descriptor_name":"Genetic Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014644","descriptor_name":"Genetic Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014644","descriptor_name":"Genetic Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053858","descriptor_name":"Metabolic Networks and Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053858","descriptor_name":"Metabolic Networks and Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053858","descriptor_name":"Metabolic Networks and Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056808","descriptor_name":"Biostatistics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056808","descriptor_name":"Biostatistics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056808","descriptor_name":"Biostatistics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btw577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btw577","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/33/1/64/25140326/btw577.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27592708","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27592708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:bioinfo:33/1/64","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/33/1/64","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5198520","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5198520","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btw577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btw577","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/33/1/64/25140326/btw577.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G158629936","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01GM113250","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3560566263","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 GM113250","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4223549571","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 HL116720","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5794180951","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01HL116720","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7335116168","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01GM113250, R01HL105397","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8189259906","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01HL105397","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333927","display_name":"Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480269362","https://openalex.org/W1534058232","https://openalex.org/W1795113477","https://openalex.org/W1924848731","https://openalex.org/W1963482188","https://openalex.org/W1965489725","https://openalex.org/W1973874622","https://openalex.org/W1980991473","https://openalex.org/W2003283154","https://openalex.org/W2012324859","https://openalex.org/W2016122322","https://openalex.org/W2023883652","https://openalex.org/W2039028710","https://openalex.org/W2041953582","https://openalex.org/W2043601400","https://openalex.org/W2051314902","https://openalex.org/W2057664425","https://openalex.org/W2059744149","https://openalex.org/W2064350862","https://openalex.org/W2069777680","https://openalex.org/W2082107832","https://openalex.org/W2112503909","https://openalex.org/W2114115532","https://openalex.org/W2117123196","https://openalex.org/W2134783591","https://openalex.org/W2137397266","https://openalex.org/W2146519949","https://openalex.org/W2147774366","https://openalex.org/W2149421543","https://openalex.org/W2152603994","https://openalex.org/W2158739914","https://openalex.org/W2166348468","https://openalex.org/W2171418097","https://openalex.org/W2198440005","https://openalex.org/W2295653446","https://openalex.org/W2302979210","https://openalex.org/W2308959237","https://openalex.org/W2339377408","https://openalex.org/W3098985301","https://openalex.org/W3148198191","https://openalex.org/W6651392082","https://openalex.org/W6656454189","https://openalex.org/W6666822520"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386773228","https://openalex.org/W3003558595","https://openalex.org/W2752163332","https://openalex.org/W3195675344","https://openalex.org/W2044363112","https://openalex.org/W2018863440","https://openalex.org/W2130566053","https://openalex.org/W2137338763","https://openalex.org/W3113118296","https://openalex.org/W2096599016"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"identify":[1],"novel":[2],"genetic":[3],"variants":[4],"associated":[5],"with":[6,71,151],"complex":[7],"traits":[8,37,70],"and":[9,61,84,101,128,153,176],"to":[10,19,32,123,129],"shed":[11],"new":[12],"insights":[13],"on":[14],"underlying":[15],"biology,":[16],"in":[17,171],"addition":[18],"the":[20,39,82,114,157,161],"most":[21],"popular":[22],"single":[23,46,140],"SNP-single":[24],"trait":[25],"association":[26,66,93],"analysis,":[27],"it":[28],"would":[29],"be":[30,121],"useful":[31],"explore":[33],"multiple":[34,69,146],"correlated":[35],"(intermediate)":[36],"at":[38,80,188],"gene-":[40],"or":[41,48,131,142],"pathway-level":[42],"by":[43],"mining":[44],"existing":[45],"GWAS":[47,50,72,141],"meta-analyzed":[49],"data.":[51],"For":[52],"this":[53],"purpose,":[54],"we":[55],"present":[56],"an":[57],"adaptive":[58,79],"gene-based":[59],"test":[60,64],"a":[62,108,139,143],"pathway-based":[63],"for":[65,90],"analysis":[67],"of":[68,111,126,145,160],"summary":[73,134],"statistics.":[74],"The":[75,167],"proposed":[76,115,162],"tests":[77],"are":[78,117,169,186],"both":[81],"SNP-":[83],"trait-levels;":[85],"that":[86],"is,":[87],"they":[88,119],"account":[89],"possibly":[91],"varying":[92],"patterns":[94],"(e.g.":[95],"signal":[96],"sparsity":[97],"levels)":[98],"across":[99,107],"SNPs":[100],"traits,":[102,127],"thus":[103],"maintaining":[104],"high":[105],"power":[106],"wide":[109],"range":[110],"situations.":[112],"Furthermore,":[113],"methods":[116,168],"general:":[118],"can":[120],"applied":[122],"mixed":[124],"types":[125],"Z-statistics":[130],"P-values":[132],"as":[133],"statistics":[135],"obtained":[136],"from":[137],"either":[138],"meta-analysis":[144],"GWAS.":[147],"Our":[148],"numerical":[149],"studies":[150],"simulated":[152],"real":[154],"data":[155,185],"demonstrated":[156],"promising":[158],"performance":[159],"methods.":[163],"AVAILABILITY":[164],"AND":[165],"IMPLEMENTATION:":[166],"implemented":[170],"R":[172],"package":[173],"aSPU,":[174],"freely":[175],"publicly":[177],"available":[178,187],"at:":[179],"https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/aSPU/":[180],"CONTACT:":[181],"weip@biostat.umn.eduSupplementary":[182],"information:":[183],"Supplementary":[184],"Bioinformatics":[189],"online.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
