{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2414378847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btw343","title":"TaggerOne: joint named entity recognition and normalization with semi-Markov Models","display_name":"TaggerOne: joint named entity recognition and normalization with semi-Markov Models","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2414378847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btw343","mag":"2414378847","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27283952"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btw343","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btw343","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/32/18/2839/24406872/btw343.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/32/18/2839/24406872/btw343.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044947146","display_name":"Robert Leaman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3296-5766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109390","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","ror":"https://ror.org/02meqm098","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Leaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Biotechnology Information, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083081872","display_name":"Zhiyong Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9998-916X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109390","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","ror":"https://ror.org/02meqm098","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyong Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Biotechnology Information, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083081872"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109390"],"apc_list":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"apc_paid":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"fwci":18.3045,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":324,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.994898,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"18","first_page":"2839","last_page":"2846"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9754999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/named-entity-recognition","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","score":0.8657211065292358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8336504697799683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.7191554307937622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.641340970993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5725876688957214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/named-entity","display_name":"Named entity","score":0.4614921808242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexicon","display_name":"Lexicon","score":0.41740623116493225}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779135771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403574","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","level":3,"score":0.8657211065292358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8336504697799683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.7191554307937622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.641340970993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5725876688957214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777889803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25047676","display_name":"Named entity","level":2,"score":0.4614921808242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778121359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8096","display_name":"Lexicon","level":2,"score":0.41740623116493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004194","descriptor_name":"Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004194","descriptor_name":"Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004194","descriptor_name":"Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004194","descriptor_name":"Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005544","descriptor_name":"Forecasting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005544","descriptor_name":"Forecasting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005544","descriptor_name":"Forecasting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005544","descriptor_name":"Forecasting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051188","descriptor_name":"Knowledge Bases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051188","descriptor_name":"Knowledge Bases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051188","descriptor_name":"Knowledge Bases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051188","descriptor_name":"Knowledge Bases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btw343","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btw343","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/32/18/2839/24406872/btw343.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27283952","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27283952","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:bioinfo:32/18/2839","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/32/18/2839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5018376","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5018376","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btw343","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btw343","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/32/18/2839/24406872/btw343.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2414378847.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2414378847.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W77347155","https://openalex.org/W1473718842","https://openalex.org/W1515020792","https://openalex.org/W1610821757","https://openalex.org/W1979076595","https://openalex.org/W1992391733","https://openalex.org/W1992593537","https://openalex.org/W2002437228","https://openalex.org/W2025423507","https://openalex.org/W2032566933","https://openalex.org/W2045016337","https://openalex.org/W2048468185","https://openalex.org/W2056616115","https://openalex.org/W2056894934","https://openalex.org/W2061167720","https://openalex.org/W2095596879","https://openalex.org/W2098162425","https://openalex.org/W2101553882","https://openalex.org/W2107005506","https://openalex.org/W2120754707","https://openalex.org/W2121893605","https://openalex.org/W2125117006","https://openalex.org/W2126176114","https://openalex.org/W2126276057","https://openalex.org/W2129038679","https://openalex.org/W2129113459","https://openalex.org/W2130581319","https://openalex.org/W2133627190","https://openalex.org/W2135505477","https://openalex.org/W2142016317","https://openalex.org/W2145870108","https://openalex.org/W2153858739","https://openalex.org/W2156235098","https://openalex.org/W2157791002","https://openalex.org/W2165671627","https://openalex.org/W2166468803","https://openalex.org/W2169099542","https://openalex.org/W2169423212","https://openalex.org/W2169491861","https://openalex.org/W2252174377","https://openalex.org/W2293004735","https://openalex.org/W2335791510","https://openalex.org/W3004533406","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4301163638","https://openalex.org/W6603134306","https://openalex.org/W6658704000","https://openalex.org/W6675914680","https://openalex.org/W6682953061","https://openalex.org/W6684549341"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032007337","https://openalex.org/W1831473261","https://openalex.org/W2793132289","https://openalex.org/W4293870971","https://openalex.org/W2186562580","https://openalex.org/W2078793151","https://openalex.org/W4390279576","https://openalex.org/W3128216712","https://openalex.org/W3005759282","https://openalex.org/W3017222382"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Supplementary":[0],"data":[1],"are":[2],"available":[3],"at":[4],"Bioinformatics":[5],"online.":[6]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
