{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2099990375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btv448","title":"NAM: association studies in multiple populations","display_name":"NAM: association studies in multiple populations","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2099990375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btv448","mag":"2099990375","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26243017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btv448","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btv448","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/31/23/3862/17085249/btv448.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/31/23/3862/17085249/btv448.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003123467","display_name":"Alencar Xavier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5034-9954"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alencar Xavier","raw_affiliation_strings":["1 Department of Agronomy and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Department of Agronomy and","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004706867","display_name":"Shizhong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6789-6655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shizhong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["3 Department of Plant Science, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3 Department of Plant Science, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081797873","display_name":"William M. Muir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4950-3349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William M. Muir","raw_affiliation_strings":["2 Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2 Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047024648","display_name":"Katy Martin Rainey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8541-5851"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katy Martin Rainey","raw_affiliation_strings":["1 Department of Agronomy and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Department of Agronomy and","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003123467"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9284,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":90,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91338358,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"23","first_page":"3862","last_page":"3864"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11468","display_name":"Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10594","display_name":"Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7031451463699341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/r-package","display_name":"R package","score":0.6554863452911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-stratification","display_name":"Population stratification","score":0.644882321357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linkage","display_name":"Linkage (software)","score":0.621981143951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayes-theorem","display_name":"Bayes' theorem","score":0.6023443937301636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sliding-window-protocol","display_name":"Sliding window protocol","score":0.5232676267623901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5209602117538452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4243873059749603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/window","display_name":"Window (computing)","score":0.32803186774253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.27582162618637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22319993376731873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.11177095770835876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09810292720794678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7031451463699341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984074130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73539779","display_name":"R package","level":2,"score":0.6554863452911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166976648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7229824","display_name":"Population stratification","level":5,"score":0.644882321357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31266012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554340","display_name":"Linkage (software)","level":3,"score":0.621981143951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207201462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182505","display_name":"Bayes' theorem","level":3,"score":0.6023443937301636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102392041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q592860","display_name":"Sliding window protocol","level":3,"score":0.5232676267623901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5209602117538452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4243873059749603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778751112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835016","display_name":"Window (computing)","level":2,"score":0.32803186774253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.27582162618637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22319993376731873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11177095770835876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09810292720794678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153209595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501128","display_name":"Single-nucleotide polymorphism","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008040","descriptor_name":"Genetic Linkage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008040","descriptor_name":"Genetic Linkage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008040","descriptor_name":"Genetic Linkage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016014","descriptor_name":"Linear Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016014","descriptor_name":"Linear Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016014","descriptor_name":"Linear Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btv448","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btv448","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/31/23/3862/17085249/btv448.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26243017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26243017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:bioinfo:31/23/3862","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/31/23/3862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btv448","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btv448","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/31/23/3862/17085249/btv448.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2099990375.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2099990375.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1855326968","https://openalex.org/W1916615802","https://openalex.org/W1966825973","https://openalex.org/W1980168725","https://openalex.org/W1997476591","https://openalex.org/W2004444667","https://openalex.org/W2064186732","https://openalex.org/W2088486634","https://openalex.org/W2090075367","https://openalex.org/W2097840595","https://openalex.org/W2098126593","https://openalex.org/W2101341789","https://openalex.org/W2127684760","https://openalex.org/W2130488467","https://openalex.org/W2131354461","https://openalex.org/W2134036574","https://openalex.org/W2141916112","https://openalex.org/W2146374090","https://openalex.org/W2157291679","https://openalex.org/W2161620511","https://openalex.org/W2169287419","https://openalex.org/W2271902495","https://openalex.org/W2551019892","https://openalex.org/W4231311503","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6683332849","https://openalex.org/W6729414910","https://openalex.org/W6813131194"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2081553457","https://openalex.org/W2555602226","https://openalex.org/W2008324969","https://openalex.org/W2041269594","https://openalex.org/W2153805141","https://openalex.org/W4282976635","https://openalex.org/W2979451389","https://openalex.org/W2353818951","https://openalex.org/W2120483845","https://openalex.org/W2095015308"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"MOTIVATION:":[0],"Mixed":[1],"linear":[2],"models":[3,14],"provide":[4],"important":[5],"techniques":[6],"for":[7],"performing":[8],"genome-wide":[9],"association":[10],"studies.":[11],"However,":[12],"current":[13,67],"have":[15],"pitfalls":[16,34],"associated":[17],"with":[18],"their":[19],"strong":[20],"assumptions.":[21],"Here,":[22],"we":[23,42],"propose":[24],"a":[25,76,85],"new":[26],"implementation":[27],"designed":[28],"to":[29,51,60,72,79,88],"overcome":[30],"some":[31],"of":[32,66],"these":[33],"using":[35],"an":[36,45,104],"empirical":[37],"Bayes":[38],"algorithm.":[39],"RESULTS:":[40],"Here":[41],"introduce":[43],"NAM,":[44],"R":[46,105,117],"package":[47,106],"that":[48],"allows":[49,70],"user":[50],"take":[52],"into":[53,96],"account":[54],"prior":[55],"information":[56],"regarding":[57],"population":[58],"stratification":[59],"relax":[61],"the":[62,81,97,109],"linkage":[63],"phase":[64],"assumption":[65],"methods.":[68],"It":[69,112],"markers":[71,95],"be":[73,114],"treated":[74],"as":[75],"random":[77],"effect":[78],"increase":[80,89],"resolution,":[82],"and":[83,91],"uses":[84],"sliding-window":[86],"strategy":[87],"power":[90],"avoid":[92],"double":[93],"fitting":[94],"model.":[98],"AVAILABILITY":[99],"AND":[100],"IMPLEMENTATION:":[101],"NAM":[102],"is":[103],"available":[107,129],"in":[108,116],"CRAN":[110],"repository.":[111],"can":[113],"installed":[115],"by":[118],"typing":[119],"install.packages":[120],"('NAM').":[121],"CONTACT:":[122],"krainey@purdue.edu.":[123],"SUPPLEMENTARY":[124],"INFORMATION:":[125],"Supplementary":[126],"date":[127],"are":[128],"at":[130],"Bioinformatics":[131],"online.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
