{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995405501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu758","title":"Unsupervised discovery of information structure in biomedical documents","display_name":"Unsupervised discovery of information structure in biomedical documents","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995405501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu758","mag":"1995405501","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25411329"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btu758","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu758","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/31/7/1084/50306004/bioinformatics_31_7_1084.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/31/7/1084/50306004/bioinformatics_31_7_1084.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016956470","display_name":"Douwe Kiela","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["GB","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douwe Kiela","raw_affiliation_strings":["1 Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FD, UK and 2Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FD, UK and 2Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103324245","display_name":"Yufan Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-0383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["GB","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yufan Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["1 Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FD, UK and 2Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FD, UK and 2Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036940014","display_name":"Ulla Stenius","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["GB","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ulla Stenius","raw_affiliation_strings":["1 Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FD, UK and 2Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FD, UK and 2Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081393566","display_name":"Anna Korhonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3692-3144"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["GB","SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anna Korhonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["1 Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FD, UK and 2Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FD, UK and 2Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081393566"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I28166907"],"apc_list":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6499,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66396036,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"7","first_page":"1084","last_page":"1092"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9437000155448914,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9437000155448914,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.01209999993443489,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.006099999882280827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8223907947540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedicine","display_name":"Biomedicine","score":0.7823091149330139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6173945665359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6018534302711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-text-mining","display_name":"Biomedical text mining","score":0.5906057953834534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.5633816719055176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5220460891723633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.49900317192077637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4581133723258972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4556236267089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4499453604221344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4125160574913025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3770799934864044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3611108362674713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-mining","display_name":"Text mining","score":0.3472474217414856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics","display_name":"Bioinformatics","score":0.17224186658859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.1079079806804657}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8223907947540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66782513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864601","display_name":"Biomedicine","level":2,"score":0.7823091149330139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6173945665359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6018534302711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165141518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4915126","display_name":"Biomedical text mining","level":3,"score":0.5906057953834534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.5633816719055176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5220460891723633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.49900317192077637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4581133723258972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4556236267089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4499453604221344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4125160574913025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3770799934864044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3611108362674713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71472368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676880","display_name":"Text mining","level":2,"score":0.3472474217414856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.17224186658859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.1079079806804657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010506","descriptor_name":"Periodicals as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010506","descriptor_name":"Periodicals as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010506","descriptor_name":"Periodicals as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D039781","descriptor_name":"PubMed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D039781","descriptor_name":"PubMed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D039781","descriptor_name":"PubMed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btu758","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu758","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/31/7/1084/50306004/bioinformatics_31_7_1084.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25411329","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25411329","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btu758","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu758","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/31/7/1084/50306004/bioinformatics_31_7_1084.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320006","display_name":"Royal Society","ror":"https://ror.org/03wnrjx87"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","ror":"https://ror.org/03zttf063"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1995405501.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1995405501.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W900993354","https://openalex.org/W1480287196","https://openalex.org/W1746680969","https://openalex.org/W1790954942","https://openalex.org/W1880262756","https://openalex.org/W1972938566","https://openalex.org/W1978280458","https://openalex.org/W1986007546","https://openalex.org/W2001829063","https://openalex.org/W2004761926","https://openalex.org/W2005958938","https://openalex.org/W2008525336","https://openalex.org/W2022888213","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2051649768","https://openalex.org/W2072240081","https://openalex.org/W2079361215","https://openalex.org/W2083342361","https://openalex.org/W2103893317","https://openalex.org/W2108346833","https://openalex.org/W2111535382","https://openalex.org/W2135957668","https://openalex.org/W2138250184","https://openalex.org/W2144211451","https://openalex.org/W2145003932","https://openalex.org/W2146737815","https://openalex.org/W2148008364","https://openalex.org/W2236252949","https://openalex.org/W2442495973","https://openalex.org/W2524892651","https://openalex.org/W2612649659","https://openalex.org/W2618735189","https://openalex.org/W4231510805","https://openalex.org/W4239110337","https://openalex.org/W4241564561","https://openalex.org/W4249138131","https://openalex.org/W4365799834","https://openalex.org/W6608799826","https://openalex.org/W6628124331","https://openalex.org/W6630066334","https://openalex.org/W6639619044","https://openalex.org/W6657784456","https://openalex.org/W6663283610","https://openalex.org/W6675792363","https://openalex.org/W6676259327","https://openalex.org/W6676803185","https://openalex.org/W6678914141","https://openalex.org/W6680970901","https://openalex.org/W6681296008","https://openalex.org/W6691459498","https://openalex.org/W6691974983","https://openalex.org/W6713316921","https://openalex.org/W6731548788"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2251332378","https://openalex.org/W122651434","https://openalex.org/W2106349067","https://openalex.org/W2798423693","https://openalex.org/W3185751515","https://openalex.org/W1479703980","https://openalex.org/W2749535755","https://openalex.org/W1553529581","https://openalex.org/W4206039273","https://openalex.org/W4232119327"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"MOTIVATION:":[0],"Information":[1],"structure":[2],"(IS)":[3],"analysis":[4,73,128,143],"is":[5,34,110,196],"a":[6,35,42,153,211,227],"text":[7,12],"mining":[8],"technique,":[9],"which":[10],"classifies":[11],"in":[13,77,83,106,258],"biomedical":[14,54,85,130,157,248],"articles":[15],"into":[16,245],"categories":[17,185,253],"that":[18,39,199,239,254],"capture":[19],"different":[20],"types":[21],"of":[22,31,44,53,58,66,98,126,148,156,194,200,213,230,234,247,260],"information,":[23],"such":[24,116],"as":[25],"objectives,":[26],"methods,":[27],"results":[28,82],"and":[29,49,144,205,250,271],"conclusions":[30],"research.":[32],"It":[33],"highly":[36,63],"useful":[37],"technique":[38],"can":[40,50],"support":[41,226],"range":[43,212,229],"Biomedical":[45],"Text":[46],"Mining":[47],"tasks":[48,231],"help":[51],"readers":[52],"literature":[55,67,249],"find":[56],"information":[57,252],"interest":[59],"faster,":[60],"accelerating":[61],"the":[62,78,104,124,146,175,261],"time-consuming":[64],"process":[65],"review.":[68],"Several":[69],"approaches":[70],"to":[71,103,112,120,141,188,198,209,225],"IS":[72,127,142,184,190,203,221,246,263],"have":[74],"been":[75],"presented":[76],"past,":[79],"with":[80],"promising":[81],"real-world":[84],"tasks.":[86,215],"However,":[87],"all":[88],"existing":[89,262],"approaches,":[90],"even":[91],"weakly":[92],"supervised":[93,202],"ones,":[94],"require":[95],"several":[96,149],"hundreds":[97],"hand-annotated":[99],"training":[100],"sentences":[101],"specific":[102],"domain":[105,114],"question.":[107],"Because":[108],"biomedicine":[109],"subject":[111],"considerable":[113],"variation,":[115],"annotations":[117],"are":[118,255,273],"expensive":[119],"obtain.":[121],"This":[122,192],"makes":[123],"application":[125],"across":[129,232],"domains":[131],"difficult.":[132],"In":[133],"this":[134],"article,":[135],"we":[136],"investigate":[137],"an":[138,218],"unsupervised":[139,150,165,219,240],"approach":[140],"evaluate":[145],"performance":[147,195],"methods":[151,204],"on":[152,174],"large":[154],"corpus":[155,270],"abstracts":[158],"collected":[159],"from":[160],"PubMed.":[161],"RESULTS:":[162],"Our":[163],"best":[164],"algorithm":[166],"(multilevel-weighted":[167],"graph":[168],"clustering":[169],"algorithm)":[170],"performs":[171],"very":[172],"well":[173],"task,":[176],"obtaining":[177],"over":[178],"0.70":[179],"F":[180],"scores":[181],"for":[182],"most":[183],"when":[186],"applied":[187,224],"well-known":[189],"schemes.":[191,264],"level":[193],"close":[197],"lightly":[201],"has":[206],"proven":[207],"sufficient":[208],"aid":[210],"practical":[214],"Thus,":[216],"using":[217],"approach,":[220],"could":[222],"be":[223],"wide":[228],"sub-domains":[233],"biomedicine.":[235],"We":[236],"also":[237],"demonstrate":[238],"learning":[241],"brings":[242],"novel":[243],"insights":[244],"discovers":[251],"not":[256],"present":[257],"any":[259],"AVAILABILITY":[265],"AND":[266],"IMPLEMENTATION:":[267],"The":[268],"annotated":[269],"software":[272],"available":[274],"at":[275],"http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/\u223cdk427/bio14info.html.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}