{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103403573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btt505","title":"Quantifying the complexity of medical research","display_name":"Quantifying the complexity of medical research","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103403573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btt505","mag":"2103403573","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23995394"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btt505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btt505","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/29/22/2918/48899224/bioinformatics_29_22_2918.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/29/22/2918/48899224/bioinformatics_29_22_2918.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002036038","display_name":"Raul Rodriguez\u2010Esteban","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9494-9609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160255","display_name":"Boehringer Ingelheim (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05kffp613","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330995197","https://openalex.org/I4210160255"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raul Rodriguez-Esteban","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Biology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Biology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160255"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048385616","display_name":"William Loging","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160255","display_name":"Boehringer Ingelheim (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05kffp613","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330995197","https://openalex.org/I4210160255"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William T. Loging","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Biology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Biology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160255"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002036038"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160255"],"apc_list":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8773,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74011731,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"22","first_page":"2918","last_page":"2924"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/novelty","display_name":"Novelty","score":0.8903402090072632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.5681231021881104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5612570643424988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.555147647857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-research","display_name":"Medical research","score":0.546208918094635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5376135110855103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenomenon","display_name":"Phenomenon","score":0.4896419644355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.4475286900997162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.21980437636375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.20537760853767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.19819733500480652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.16869601607322693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.09402844309806824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.08746758103370667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.8903402090072632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5681231021881104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5612570643424988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.555147647857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106977388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2752427","display_name":"Medical research","level":2,"score":0.546208918094635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5376135110855103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.4896419644355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.4475286900997162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.21980437636375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.20537760853767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.19819733500480652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.16869601607322693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.09402844309806824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.08746758103370667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004194","descriptor_name":"Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004194","descriptor_name":"Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004194","descriptor_name":"Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011642","descriptor_name":"Publications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011642","descriptor_name":"Publications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011642","descriptor_name":"Publications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btt505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btt505","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/29/22/2918/48899224/bioinformatics_29_22_2918.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23995394","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23995394","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btt505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btt505","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/29/22/2918/48899224/bioinformatics_29_22_2918.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2103403573.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2103403573.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514449996","https://openalex.org/W1964399266","https://openalex.org/W1971722909","https://openalex.org/W1980186994","https://openalex.org/W1996736664","https://openalex.org/W2000690799","https://openalex.org/W2005557667","https://openalex.org/W2007919714","https://openalex.org/W2008795979","https://openalex.org/W2011115027","https://openalex.org/W2026154911","https://openalex.org/W2029669878","https://openalex.org/W2034592652","https://openalex.org/W2034911572","https://openalex.org/W2057954853","https://openalex.org/W2076424959","https://openalex.org/W2083378218","https://openalex.org/W2101553882","https://openalex.org/W2120736575","https://openalex.org/W2127555854","https://openalex.org/W2131520733","https://openalex.org/W2159719688","https://openalex.org/W2163935562","https://openalex.org/W2164394614","https://openalex.org/W2318841795","https://openalex.org/W4246535032","https://openalex.org/W6642905878"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381242807","https://openalex.org/W2751208925","https://openalex.org/W2347541121","https://openalex.org/W4288804799","https://openalex.org/W3089617106","https://openalex.org/W3032237421","https://openalex.org/W2080951048","https://openalex.org/W3011883280","https://openalex.org/W2390346111","https://openalex.org/W2369082698"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"raul.rodriguez-esteban@roche.com.":[0]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
