{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2154125412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btr690","title":"Improved mean estimation and its application to diagonal discriminant analysis","display_name":"Improved mean estimation and its application to diagonal discriminant analysis","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2154125412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btr690","mag":"2154125412","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22171335"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btr690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btr690","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/28/4/531/48873488/bioinformatics_28_4_531.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/28/4/531/48873488/bioinformatics_28_4_531.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002431770","display_name":"Tiejun Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0947-3990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["HK","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tiejun Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["1 Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, 2Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, 3Department of Epidemiology and Public Health and 4Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, 2Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, 3Department of Epidemiology and Public Health and 4Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I141568987","https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100334638","display_name":"Liang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9684-1669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["HK","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["1 Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, 2Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, 3Department of Epidemiology and Public Health and 4Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, 2Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, 3Department of Epidemiology and Public Health and 4Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I141568987","https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074828414","display_name":"Hongyu Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1195-9607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["HK","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["1 Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, 2Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, 3Department of Epidemiology and Public Health and 4Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, 2Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, 3Department of Epidemiology and Public Health and 4Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I141568987","https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002431770"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I141568987","https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"apc_list":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0948,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76417395,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"4","first_page":"531","last_page":"537"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.5425999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.5425999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10136","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Inference","score":0.17569999396800995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.08990000188350677,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.8090720176696777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagonal","display_name":"Diagonal","score":0.6376041173934937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.6152389049530029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.5919324159622192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminant","display_name":"Discriminant","score":0.5469706654548645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4434693157672882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.43926411867141724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4226400852203369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3961500823497772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09549909830093384}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.8090720176696777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130367717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189791","display_name":"Diagonal","level":2,"score":0.6376041173934937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.6152389049530029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5919324159622192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78397625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192487","display_name":"Discriminant","level":2,"score":0.5469706654548645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4434693157672882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.43926411867141724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4226400852203369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3961500823497772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09549909830093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007938","descriptor_name":"Leukemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007938","descriptor_name":"Leukemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007938","descriptor_name":"Leukemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016002","descriptor_name":"Discriminant Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016002","descriptor_name":"Discriminant Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016002","descriptor_name":"Discriminant Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018401","descriptor_name":"Sample Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018401","descriptor_name":"Sample Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018401","descriptor_name":"Sample Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020411","descriptor_name":"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020411","descriptor_name":"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020411","descriptor_name":"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btr690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btr690","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/28/4/531/48873488/bioinformatics_28_4_531.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22171335","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22171335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.722.2634","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.722.2634","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.math.hkbu.edu.hk/%7Etongt/papers/Bioinformatics2012.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2571843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3278755","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btr690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btr690","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/28/4/531/48873488/bioinformatics_28_4_531.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.75,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G171726519","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P50 HG002790","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337348","funder_display_name":"National Human Genome Research Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G28913290","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 GM059507","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4392106541","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P50HG002790","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337348","funder_display_name":"National Human Genome Research Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6258788930","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GM59507","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G630330811","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GM59507","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6887631357","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FRG2/10-11/020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320955","funder_display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320955","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337348","display_name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00baak391"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2154125412.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2154125412.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55882153","https://openalex.org/W60076420","https://openalex.org/W1584444527","https://openalex.org/W1792175597","https://openalex.org/W1966626540","https://openalex.org/W1966701961","https://openalex.org/W1968278006","https://openalex.org/W1971158534","https://openalex.org/W1977003570","https://openalex.org/W2005987821","https://openalex.org/W2006048741","https://openalex.org/W2017381048","https://openalex.org/W2022892561","https://openalex.org/W2045656233","https://openalex.org/W2049399112","https://openalex.org/W2062353821","https://openalex.org/W2065311047","https://openalex.org/W2066229402","https://openalex.org/W2072857774","https://openalex.org/W2076889248","https://openalex.org/W2081098333","https://openalex.org/W2091577273","https://openalex.org/W2107755074","https://openalex.org/W2109363337","https://openalex.org/W2110891968","https://openalex.org/W2115137285","https://openalex.org/W2116815663","https://openalex.org/W2117135012","https://openalex.org/W2118250684","https://openalex.org/W2120413242","https://openalex.org/W2123952370","https://openalex.org/W2128134032","https://openalex.org/W2135191607","https://openalex.org/W2143707047","https://openalex.org/W2144227498","https://openalex.org/W2144692687","https://openalex.org/W2146026567","https://openalex.org/W2155423555","https://openalex.org/W2157875785","https://openalex.org/W2167310130","https://openalex.org/W2277117258","https://openalex.org/W2493430566","https://openalex.org/W3125904670","https://openalex.org/W4232383088","https://openalex.org/W4237225570","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6634927326","https://openalex.org/W6668696247","https://openalex.org/W6679705636"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350751952","https://openalex.org/W2362114017","https://openalex.org/W1999647744","https://openalex.org/W3147024994","https://openalex.org/W1978302214","https://openalex.org/W2374055396","https://openalex.org/W2063246903","https://openalex.org/W2021817983","https://openalex.org/W2156856390","https://openalex.org/W3021047493"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"MOTIVATION:":[0],"High-dimensional":[1],"data":[2,141],"such":[3,15,67],"as":[4,68],"microarrays":[5],"have":[6],"created":[7],"new":[8],"challenges":[9],"to":[10,27],"traditional":[11],"statistical":[12,65],"methods.":[13],"One":[14],"example":[16],"is":[17,99,108,113],"on":[18],"class":[19,46],"prediction":[20,47],"with":[21],"high-dimension,":[22],"low-sample":[23],"size":[24,107],"data.":[25],"Due":[26],"the":[28,32,42,45,50,81,87,91,102,105,111,125,129,144],"small":[29],"sample":[30,33,51,106,126],"size,":[31],"mean":[34,52,88,127],"estimates":[35],"are":[36,72],"usually":[37],"unreliable.":[38],"As":[39],"a":[40,118,153],"consequence,":[41],"performance":[43],"of":[44,62,83,156],"methods":[48],"using":[49],"may":[53],"also":[54],"be":[55],"unsatisfactory.":[56],"To":[57],"obtain":[58],"more":[59],"accurate":[60],"estimation":[61],"parameters":[63],"some":[64],"methods,":[66],"regularizations":[69],"through":[70],"shrinkage,":[71],"often":[73],"desired.":[74],"RESULTS:":[75],"In":[76],"this":[77],"article,":[78],"we":[79,134],"investigate":[80],"family":[82],"shrinkage":[84,97,131],"estimators":[85],"for":[86],"value":[89],"under":[90,101],"quadratic":[92],"loss":[93],"function.":[94],"The":[95],"optimal":[96],"parameter":[98],"proposed":[100,130,145],"scenario":[103],"when":[104],"fixed":[109],"and":[110,139],"dimension":[112],"large.":[114],"We":[115],"then":[116],"construct":[117],"shrinkage-based":[119,146],"diagonal":[120],"discriminant":[121],"rule":[122,147],"by":[123,128],"replacing":[124],"mean.":[132],"Finally,":[133],"demonstrate":[135],"via":[136],"simulation":[137],"studies":[138],"real":[140],"analysis":[142],"that":[143],"outperforms":[148],"its":[149],"original":[150],"competitor":[151],"in":[152],"wide":[154],"range":[155],"settings.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
