{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2142742009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp305","title":"Estimating the posterior probability that genome-wide association findings are true or false","display_name":"Estimating the posterior probability that genome-wide association findings are true or false","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2142742009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp305","mag":"2142742009","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19420056"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp305","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/25/14/1807/48994275/bioinformatics_25_14_1807.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/25/14/1807/48994275/bioinformatics_25_14_1807.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080335709","display_name":"J\u00f3zsef Buksz\u00e1r","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72019824","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/057xmsr27","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72019824"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00f3zsef Buksz\u00e1r","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1112 East Clay Street, PO Box 980533, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1112 East Clay Street, PO Box 980533, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72019824"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048505341","display_name":"Joseph L. McClay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3628-2447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72019824","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/057xmsr27","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72019824"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph L. McClay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1112 East Clay Street, PO Box 980533, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1112 East Clay Street, PO Box 980533, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72019824"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112868684","display_name":"Edwin J. C. G. van den Oord","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72019824","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/057xmsr27","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72019824"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edwin J. C. G. van den Oord","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1112 East Clay Street, PO Box 980533, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1112 East Clay Street, PO Box 980533, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72019824"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1561,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8172766,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"14","first_page":"1807","last_page":"1813"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.0066999997943639755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10594","display_name":"Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-discovery-rate","display_name":"False discovery rate","score":0.8116691708564758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genome-wide-association-study","display_name":"Genome-wide association study","score":0.7243766188621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posterior-probability","display_name":"Posterior probability","score":0.6650735139846802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6207814812660217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistic","display_name":"Statistic","score":0.5730088949203491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-comparisons-problem","display_name":"Multiple comparisons problem","score":0.5360143184661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.47377657890319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-statistic","display_name":"Test statistic","score":0.44258639216423035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4329943358898163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association","display_name":"Association (psychology)","score":0.42035186290740967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-hypothesis-testing","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","score":0.4187561273574829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27065789699554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24050641059875488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.19090276956558228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.17924922704696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.11003512144088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.0778859555721283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-nucleotide-polymorphism","display_name":"Single-nucleotide polymorphism","score":0.07673609256744385}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193244246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5432696","display_name":"False discovery rate","level":3,"score":0.8116691708564758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106208931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1098876","display_name":"Genome-wide association study","level":5,"score":0.7243766188621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57830394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278079","display_name":"Posterior probability","level":3,"score":0.6650735139846802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6207814812660217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89128539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949963","display_name":"Statistic","level":2,"score":0.5730088949203491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183905921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1038757","display_name":"Multiple comparisons problem","level":2,"score":0.5360143184661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.47377657890319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169857963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1461038","display_name":"Test statistic","level":3,"score":0.44258639216423035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4329943358898163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42035186290740967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.4187561273574829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27065789699554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24050641059875488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.19090276956558228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.17924922704696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.11003512144088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0778859555721283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153209595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501128","display_name":"Single-nucleotide polymorphism","level":4,"score":0.07673609256744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017360","descriptor_name":"Arabidopsis","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017360","descriptor_name":"Arabidopsis","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017360","descriptor_name":"Arabidopsis","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp305","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/25/14/1807/48994275/bioinformatics_25_14_1807.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19420056","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19420056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2705227","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2705227","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp305","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/25/14/1807/48994275/bioinformatics_25_14_1807.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509523524","https://openalex.org/W1690786713","https://openalex.org/W1964895626","https://openalex.org/W1976766779","https://openalex.org/W1978808444","https://openalex.org/W1990250261","https://openalex.org/W1990403317","https://openalex.org/W2027512616","https://openalex.org/W2039508086","https://openalex.org/W2051037982","https://openalex.org/W2074089196","https://openalex.org/W2105381419","https://openalex.org/W2107761897","https://openalex.org/W2110065044","https://openalex.org/W2113381189","https://openalex.org/W2113690753","https://openalex.org/W2125905177","https://openalex.org/W2130530904","https://openalex.org/W2131729890","https://openalex.org/W2135401714","https://openalex.org/W2137845876","https://openalex.org/W2140954822","https://openalex.org/W2143079975","https://openalex.org/W2144766920","https://openalex.org/W2146273335","https://openalex.org/W2157483908","https://openalex.org/W2165741134","https://openalex.org/W2167635362","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W4245398612"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2467227750","https://openalex.org/W4293336298","https://openalex.org/W2093104131","https://openalex.org/W4300887971","https://openalex.org/W2178204436","https://openalex.org/W2143079975","https://openalex.org/W2026085942","https://openalex.org/W2333750400","https://openalex.org/W2950531074","https://openalex.org/W1853640760"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"MOTIVATION:":[0],"A":[1,83],"limitation":[2],"of":[3,31,35,40,91,94,136,150],"current":[4],"methods":[5],"used":[6,124,132,161],"to":[7,56,113,133,144,162],"declare":[8],"significance":[9],"in":[10,46,80],"genome-wide":[11],"association":[12],"studies":[13],"(GWAS)":[14],"is":[15],"that":[16,26,61],"they":[17],"do":[18],"not":[19],"provide":[20,114],"clear":[21],"information":[22,36],"about":[23],"the":[24,38,58,74,81,87,89,92,95,105,122,137,164,178],"probability":[25,60,139,157],"GWAS":[27,129],"findings":[28],"are":[29,131,152,174],"true":[30,96],"false.":[32],"This":[33],"lack":[34],"increases":[37],"chance":[39],"false":[41,76],"discoveries":[42],"and":[43,103],"may":[44],"result":[45],"real":[47,106],"effects":[48],"being":[49],"missed.":[50],"RESULTS:":[51],"We":[52],"propose":[53],"a":[54,62,148],"method":[55],"estimate":[57],"posterior":[59,138,156],"marker":[63],"has":[64],"(no)":[65],"effect":[66],"given":[67],"its":[68],"test":[69],"statistic":[70],"value,":[71],"also":[72],"called":[73],"local":[75],"discovery":[77],"rate":[78],"(FDR),":[79],"GWAS.":[82],"critical":[84],"step":[85],"involves":[86],"estimation":[88],"parameters":[90],"distribution":[93],"alternative":[97],"tests.":[98],"For":[99,154],"this,":[100],"we":[101],"derived":[102],"implemented":[104],"maximum":[107],"likelihood":[108],"function,":[109],"which":[110],"turned":[111],"out":[112],"us":[115],"with":[116],"significantly":[117],"more":[118,166],"accurate":[119],"estimates":[120,140,158],"than":[121,168],"widely":[123],"mixture":[125],"model":[126],"likelihood.":[127],"Actual":[128],"data":[130],"illustrate":[134],"properties":[135],"empirically.":[141],"In":[142],"addition":[143],"evaluating":[145],"individual":[146],"markers,":[147],"variety":[149],"applications":[151],"conceivable.":[153],"instance,":[155],"can":[159],"be":[160],"control":[163],"FDR":[165],"precisely":[167],"Benjamini-Hochberg":[169],"procedure.":[170],"AVAILABILITY:":[171],"The":[172],"codes":[173],"freely":[175],"downloadable":[176],"from":[177],"web":[179],"site":[180],"http://www.people.vcu.edu/~jbukszar.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
