{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2105580499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btn059","title":"Automated image alignment for 2D gel electrophoresis in a high-throughput proteomics pipeline","display_name":"Automated image alignment for 2D gel electrophoresis in a high-throughput proteomics pipeline","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2105580499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btn059","mag":"2105580499","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18310057"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btn059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btn059","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/24/7/950/49046879/bioinformatics_24_7_950.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/24/7/950/49046879/bioinformatics_24_7_950.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070727103","display_name":"Andrew W. Dowsey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7404-9128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB","IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew W. Dowsey","raw_affiliation_strings":["1 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom and 2UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom and 2UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933","https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024617116","display_name":"Michael J. D\u00fcnn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4633-5466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB","IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael J. Dunn","raw_affiliation_strings":["1 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom and 2UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom and 2UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933","https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085036036","display_name":"Guang\u2010Zhong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4060-4020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB","IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guang-Zhong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["1 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom and 2UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom and 2UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933","https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085036036"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933","https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"apc_paid":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"fwci":2.4366,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88280822,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"7","first_page":"950","last_page":"957"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10519","display_name":"Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications","score":0.9666000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10519","display_name":"Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications","score":0.9666000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12576","display_name":"vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12867","display_name":"Advanced Biosensing Techniques and Applications","score":0.005100000184029341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7246025800704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.6028760671615601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.5542117357254028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proteomics","display_name":"Proteomics","score":0.5003762245178223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proteome","display_name":"Proteome","score":0.45885518193244934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.421855092048645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3894116282463074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3419991731643677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics","display_name":"Bioinformatics","score":0.15056714415550232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.13241273164749146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.1067706048488617}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7246025800704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.6028760671615601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.5542117357254028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46111723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471857","display_name":"Proteomics","level":3,"score":0.5003762245178223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104397665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860947","display_name":"Proteome","level":2,"score":0.45885518193244934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.421855092048645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3894116282463074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3419991731643677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.15056714415550232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.13241273164749146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1067706048488617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000595","descriptor_name":"Amino Acid Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000595","descriptor_name":"Amino Acid Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000595","descriptor_name":"Amino Acid Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010449","descriptor_name":"Peptide Mapping","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010449","descriptor_name":"Peptide Mapping","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010449","descriptor_name":"Peptide Mapping","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013382","descriptor_name":"Subtraction Technique","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013382","descriptor_name":"Subtraction Technique","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013382","descriptor_name":"Subtraction Technique","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015180","descriptor_name":"Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015180","descriptor_name":"Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015180","descriptor_name":"Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018511","descriptor_name":"Systems Integration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018511","descriptor_name":"Systems Integration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018511","descriptor_name":"Systems Integration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020539","descriptor_name":"Sequence Analysis, Protein","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020539","descriptor_name":"Sequence Analysis, Protein","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020539","descriptor_name":"Sequence Analysis, Protein","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020543","descriptor_name":"Proteome","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020543","descriptor_name":"Proteome","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020543","descriptor_name":"Proteome","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D040901","descriptor_name":"Proteomics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D040901","descriptor_name":"Proteomics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D040901","descriptor_name":"Proteomics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btn059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btn059","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/24/7/950/49046879/bioinformatics_24_7_950.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18310057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18310057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire_cris_publications/09727c81-15a4-4558-871a-430258d2eeda","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/09727c81-15a4-4558-871a-430258d2eeda","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Dowsey, A W, Dunn, M J & Yang, G Z 2008, 'Automated image alignment for 2D gel electrophoresis in a high-throughput proteomics pipeline', Bioinformatics, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 950-957. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btn059","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btn059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btn059","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/24/7/950/49046879/bioinformatics_24_7_950.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2452675963","display_name":"High-throughput Differential Expression Proteomics","funder_award_id":"EP/E03988X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3481504741","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"04/RPI/B499","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7995379085","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GR/T06735/01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G845829809","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/E03988X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313911","display_name":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/01hxy9878"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320283","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/0271asj38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2105580499.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2105580499.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970696723","https://openalex.org/W1996999814","https://openalex.org/W2000325779","https://openalex.org/W2008768066","https://openalex.org/W2020068051","https://openalex.org/W2038753515","https://openalex.org/W2040482262","https://openalex.org/W2048333869","https://openalex.org/W2048499756","https://openalex.org/W2050499789","https://openalex.org/W2051669046","https://openalex.org/W2052916156","https://openalex.org/W2059095663","https://openalex.org/W2060372462","https://openalex.org/W2071837646","https://openalex.org/W2073720177","https://openalex.org/W2095069333","https://openalex.org/W2101575467","https://openalex.org/W2102592853","https://openalex.org/W2111060309","https://openalex.org/W2113261793","https://openalex.org/W2113999048","https://openalex.org/W2116862364","https://openalex.org/W2122905512","https://openalex.org/W2133584444","https://openalex.org/W2141104431","https://openalex.org/W2165008731","https://openalex.org/W3146588356","https://openalex.org/W4252336316"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982829397","https://openalex.org/W2106414650","https://openalex.org/W2347437365","https://openalex.org/W1999412725","https://openalex.org/W4390205769","https://openalex.org/W2124137418","https://openalex.org/W2391458050","https://openalex.org/W2086860678","https://openalex.org/W3022402204","https://openalex.org/W2114732768"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"MOTIVATION:":[0],"The":[1,91,118,182],"quest":[2],"for":[3,105,174,194],"high-throughput":[4,85,112],"proteomics":[5,115],"has":[6],"revealed":[7],"a":[8,89,99,111,161,169],"number":[9],"of":[10,93,108,133,145],"challenges":[11],"in":[12,18,155,190,219,247],"recent":[13],"years.":[14],"Whilst":[15],"substantial":[16,217],"improvements":[17,218],"automated":[19,72,125],"protein":[20,86],"separation":[21,69],"with":[22],"liquid":[23],"chromatography":[24],"and":[25,74,82,157,176,207,222,244],"mass":[26],"spectrometry":[27],"(LC/MS),":[28],"aka":[29],"'shotgun'":[30],"proteomics,":[31],"have":[32,48],"been":[33],"achieved,":[34],"large-scale":[35],"open":[36],"initiatives":[37],"such":[38],"as":[39],"the":[40,79,106,131,141,146,191,212,248],"Human":[41],"Proteome":[42,46],"Organization":[43],"(HUPO)":[44],"Brain":[45],"Project":[47],"shown":[49],"that":[50],"maximal":[51],"proteome":[52],"coverage":[53],"is":[54,59,96,121,166,227],"only":[55],"possible":[56],"when":[57],"LC/MS":[58],"complemented":[60],"by":[61],"2D":[62,210],"gel":[63],"electrophoresis":[64],"(2-DE)":[65],"studies.":[66],"Moreover,":[67],"both":[68],"methods":[70],"require":[71],"alignment":[73,103],"differential":[75,113,196,223],"analysis":[76,214,226],"to":[77,97,129,153,172],"relieve":[78],"bioinformatics":[80],"bottleneck":[81],"so":[83],"make":[84],"biomarker":[87],"discovery":[88],"reality.":[90],"purpose":[92,234],"this":[94],"article":[95],"describe":[98],"fully":[100],"automatic":[101],"image":[102,126,192],"framework":[104,215],"integration":[107],"2-DE":[109],"into":[110,168],"expression":[114,177],"pipeline.":[116],"RESULTS:":[117],"proposed":[119,213],"method":[120,204],"based":[122],"on":[123,205,236],"robust":[124],"normalization":[127],"(RAIN)":[128],"circumvent":[130],"drawbacks":[132],"traditional":[134],"approaches.":[135],"These":[136],"use":[137],"symbolic":[138],"representation":[139],"at":[140,179,252],"very":[142],"early":[143],"stages":[144],"analysis,":[147],"which":[148],"introduces":[149],"persistent":[150],"errors":[151],"due":[152],"inaccuracies":[154],"modelling":[156],"alignment.":[158],"In":[159],"RAIN,":[160],"third-order":[162],"volume-invariant":[163],"B-spline":[164],"model":[165],"incorporated":[167],"multi-resolution":[170],"schema":[171],"correct":[173],"geometric":[175],"inhomogeneity":[178],"multiple":[180],"scales.":[181],"normalized":[183],"images":[184,245],"can":[185],"then":[186],"be":[187],"compared":[188],"directly":[189],"domain":[193],"quantitative":[195],"analysis.":[197],"Through":[198],"evaluation":[199],"against":[200],"an":[201,230],"existing":[202],"state-of-the-art":[203],"real":[206],"synthetically":[208],"warped":[209],"gels,":[211],"demonstrates":[216],"matching":[220],"accuracy":[221],"sensitivity.":[224],"High-throughput":[225],"established":[228],"through":[229],"accelerated":[231],"GPGPU":[232],"(general":[233],"computation":[235],"graphics":[237],"cards)":[238],"implementation.":[239],"AVAILABILITY:":[240],"Supplementary":[241],"material,":[242],"software":[243],"used":[246],"validation":[249],"are":[250],"available":[251],"http://www.proteomegrid.org/rain/.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-17T06:14:20.161405","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
