{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2129267433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm056","title":"Gene symbol disambiguation using knowledge-based profiles","display_name":"Gene symbol disambiguation using knowledge-based profiles","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2129267433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm056","mag":"2129267433","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17314123"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btm056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm056","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/23/8/1015/505447/btm056.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/23/8/1015/505447/btm056.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084072550","display_name":"Hua Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5274-4672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hua Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["1 Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, 622 168th St and 2Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, 722 168th St, New York City, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, 622 168th St and 2Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, 722 168th St, New York City, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043910718","display_name":"Jungwei Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6349-3752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jung-Wei Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["1 Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, 622 168th St and 2Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, 722 168th St, New York City, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, 622 168th St and 2Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, 722 168th St, New York City, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053670656","display_name":"George Hripcsak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2664-7614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Hripcsak","raw_affiliation_strings":["1 Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, 622 168th St and 2Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, 722 168th St, New York City, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, 622 168th St and 2Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, 722 168th St, New York City, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022354214","display_name":"Eneida A. Mendon\u00e7a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4297-9221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eneida A. Mendon\u00e7a","raw_affiliation_strings":["1 Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, 622 168th St and 2Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, 722 168th St, New York City, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, 622 168th St and 2Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, 722 168th St, New York City, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009202015","display_name":"Marianthi Markatou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1453-8229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marianthi Markatou","raw_affiliation_strings":["1 Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, 622 168th St and 2Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, 722 168th St, New York City, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, 622 168th St and 2Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, 722 168th St, New York City, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109277899","display_name":"Carol Friedman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carol Friedman","raw_affiliation_strings":["1 Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, 622 168th St and 2Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, 722 168th St, New York City, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, 622 168th St and 2Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, 722 168th St, New York City, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084072550"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9598,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91544544,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"8","first_page":"1015","last_page":"1022"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.00800000037997961,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11642","display_name":"Genomics and Rare Diseases","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7270914316177368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.6967693567276001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.6544762253761292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5971009731292725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5918999314308167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-prediction","display_name":"Gene prediction","score":0.5293294191360474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-nomenclature","display_name":"Gene nomenclature","score":0.49060502648353577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.42801812291145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","score":0.4157656729221344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.41246914863586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40099215507507324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3679065704345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genome","display_name":"Genome","score":0.2242853045463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.18845683336257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.17657116055488586}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7270914316177368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.6967693567276001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.6544762253761292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5971009731292725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5918999314308167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105565629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1248292","display_name":"Gene prediction","level":4,"score":0.5293294191360474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62177273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5531556","display_name":"Gene nomenclature","level":4,"score":0.49060502648353577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.42801812291145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.4157656729221344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.41246914863586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40099215507507324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3679065704345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.2242853045463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.18845683336257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.17657116055488586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C514705636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863247","display_name":"Nomenclature","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000043","descriptor_name":"Abstracting and Indexing","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000043","descriptor_name":"Abstracting and Indexing","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000043","descriptor_name":"Abstracting and Indexing","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003628","descriptor_name":"Database Management Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003628","descriptor_name":"Database Management Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003628","descriptor_name":"Database Management Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005796","descriptor_name":"Genes","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005796","descriptor_name":"Genes","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005796","descriptor_name":"Genes","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010506","descriptor_name":"Periodicals as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010506","descriptor_name":"Periodicals as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010506","descriptor_name":"Periodicals as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016239","descriptor_name":"MEDLINE","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016239","descriptor_name":"MEDLINE","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016239","descriptor_name":"MEDLINE","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018875","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary, Controlled","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018875","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary, Controlled","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018875","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary, Controlled","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030541","descriptor_name":"Databases, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D030541","descriptor_name":"Databases, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D030541","descriptor_name":"Databases, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btm056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm056","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/23/8/1015/505447/btm056.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17314123","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17314123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btm056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm056","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/23/8/1015/505447/btm056.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W116705248","https://openalex.org/W180865882","https://openalex.org/W1512170015","https://openalex.org/W1550258693","https://openalex.org/W1869958975","https://openalex.org/W1959755538","https://openalex.org/W1964922004","https://openalex.org/W1969664420","https://openalex.org/W1971220772","https://openalex.org/W1974758710","https://openalex.org/W1976252502","https://openalex.org/W1978394996","https://openalex.org/W1994306321","https://openalex.org/W2014538668","https://openalex.org/W2038585482","https://openalex.org/W2057867321","https://openalex.org/W2061166439","https://openalex.org/W2080007652","https://openalex.org/W2098162425","https://openalex.org/W2101171038","https://openalex.org/W2103017472","https://openalex.org/W2106894950","https://openalex.org/W2107580398","https://openalex.org/W2122763686","https://openalex.org/W2124617249","https://openalex.org/W2127112494","https://openalex.org/W2140407633","https://openalex.org/W2150252713","https://openalex.org/W2157870551","https://openalex.org/W2165371346","https://openalex.org/W4213060373","https://openalex.org/W4230797134","https://openalex.org/W4241727697","https://openalex.org/W4246405166","https://openalex.org/W4248219478","https://openalex.org/W6604673131","https://openalex.org/W6607373046","https://openalex.org/W6632766574","https://openalex.org/W6642522726","https://openalex.org/W6644103564","https://openalex.org/W6670392753","https://openalex.org/W6675870035","https://openalex.org/W6676058677","https://openalex.org/W6678990753"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2980998232","https://openalex.org/W1990943389","https://openalex.org/W3011496678","https://openalex.org/W2952377671","https://openalex.org/W2981398720","https://openalex.org/W3014906505","https://openalex.org/W4244562210","https://openalex.org/W4242415927","https://openalex.org/W2166372712","https://openalex.org/W2973480427"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"MOTIVATION:":[0],"The":[1,106,138,159],"ambiguity":[2],"of":[3,7,37,60,131,144],"biomedical":[4,19],"entities,":[5],"particularly":[6],"gene":[8,40,47,77,99,104,107],"symbols,":[9],"is":[10,100,114],"a":[11,38,55],"big":[12],"challenge":[13],"for":[14,146,150,155],"text-mining":[15],"systems":[16],"in":[17],"the":[18,29,35,76,80,90,94,97,110,118,123,141,147,151,156],"domain.":[20],"Existing":[21],"knowledge":[22,72],"sources,":[23],"such":[24],"as":[25,117],"Entrez":[26],"Gene":[27],"and":[28,68,102,134,153,163],"MEDLINE":[30,66],"database,":[31],"contain":[32],"information":[33,61,85],"concerning":[34],"characteristics":[36],"particular":[39],"that":[41],"could":[42],"be":[43],"used":[44],"to":[45,79],"disambiguate":[46],"symbols.":[48],"RESULTS:":[49],"For":[50],"each":[51],"gene,":[52],"we":[53],"create":[54],"profile":[56,108],"with":[57,109],"different":[58],"types":[59],"automatically":[62,127],"extracted":[63],"from":[64],"related":[65],"abstracts":[67],"readily":[69],"available":[70,167],"annotated":[71],"sources.":[73],"We":[74,121],"apply":[75],"profiles":[78],"disambiguation":[81,164],"task":[82],"via":[83],"an":[84],"retrieval":[86],"method,":[87],"which":[88],"ranks":[89],"similarity":[91,112],"scores":[92],"between":[93],"context":[95],"where":[96],"ambiguous":[98],"mentioned,":[101],"candidate":[103],"profiles.":[105],"highest":[111,142],"score":[113],"then":[115],"chosen":[116],"correct":[119],"sense.":[120],"evaluated":[122],"method":[124,139],"on":[125],"three":[126],"generated":[128],"testing":[129,160],"sets":[130,162],"mouse,":[132,148],"fly":[133,152],"yeast":[135],"organisms,":[136],"respectively.":[137],"achieved":[140],"precision":[143],"93.9%":[145],"77.8%":[149],"89.5%":[154],"yeast.":[157],"AVAILABILITY:":[158],"data":[161],"programs":[165],"are":[166],"at":[168],"http://www.dbmi.columbia.edu/~hux7002/gsd2006":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}