{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2113334864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bti670","title":"Analysis of mass spectral serum profiles for biomarker selection","display_name":"Analysis of mass spectral serum profiles for biomarker selection","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2113334864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bti670","mag":"2113334864","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16159919"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bti670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bti670","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/21/21/4039/611320/bti670.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188263","display_name":"Computer applications in the biosciences","issn_l":"0266-7061","issn":["0266-7061","1460-2059"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/21/21/4039/611320/bti670.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025125310","display_name":"Habtom W. Ressom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9296-2132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184565670","display_name":"Georgetown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vzafd60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799903593","display_name":"Georgetown University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00hjz7x27","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799903593"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"H. W. Ressom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA. hwr@georgetown.edu","Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center , Georgetown University , Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA. hwr@georgetown.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center , Georgetown University , Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799903593","https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027269811","display_name":"Rency S. Varghese","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4236-7316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184565670","display_name":"Georgetown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vzafd60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799903593","display_name":"Georgetown University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00hjz7x27","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799903593"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. S. Varghese","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center , Georgetown University , Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center , Georgetown University , Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799903593","https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054167424","display_name":"Mohamed Abdel\u2010Hamid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5751-0923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108518","display_name":"Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02jg20617","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108518"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Abdel-Hamid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Viral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, NHTMRI Cairo, Egypt#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Viral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, NHTMRI Cairo, Egypt#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108518"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083622535","display_name":"Sohair A. Eissa","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. A.-L. Eissa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natinal Cancer Institute Cairo, Egypt#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natinal Cancer Institute Cairo, Egypt#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040400093","display_name":"Daniel Saha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5103-2465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184565670","display_name":"Georgetown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vzafd60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799903593","display_name":"Georgetown University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00hjz7x27","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799903593"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Saha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center , Georgetown University , Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center , Georgetown University , Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799903593","https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056734930","display_name":"Lenka Goldman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5856-4509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184565670","display_name":"Georgetown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vzafd60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799903593","display_name":"Georgetown University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00hjz7x27","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799903593"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Goldman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center , Georgetown University , Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center , Georgetown University , Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799903593","https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115076571","display_name":"Emanuel F. Petricoin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8787-5990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1318287680","display_name":"Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02nr3fr97","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1318287680","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. F. Petricoin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Proteomics Program, NCI/FDA, Center for Biologics Evaluation, FDA USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Proteomics Program, NCI/FDA, Center for Biologics Evaluation, FDA USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1318287680"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080595928","display_name":"Thomas P. Conrads","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4742-3281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I880747138","display_name":"Science Applications International Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00zv91802","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I880747138"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. P. Conrads","raw_affiliation_strings":["SAIC-Frederick and Biomedical Proteomics Program, NCI Frederick, MD, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SAIC-Frederick and Biomedical Proteomics Program, NCI Frederick, MD, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I880747138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019010663","display_name":"Timothy D. Veenstra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2941-0225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I880747138","display_name":"Science Applications International Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00zv91802","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I880747138"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. D. Veenstra","raw_affiliation_strings":["SAIC-Frederick and Biomedical Proteomics Program, NCI Frederick, MD, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SAIC-Frederick and Biomedical Proteomics Program, NCI Frederick, MD, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I880747138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049739389","display_name":"C. A. Loffredo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184565670","display_name":"Georgetown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vzafd60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799903593","display_name":"Georgetown University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00hjz7x27","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799903593"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. A. Loffredo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center , Georgetown University , Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center , Georgetown University , Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799903593","https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081929979","display_name":"Radoslav Goldman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1304-0522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184565670","display_name":"Georgetown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vzafd60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799903593","display_name":"Georgetown University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00hjz7x27","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799903593"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Goldman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center , Georgetown University , Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center , Georgetown University , Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799903593","https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025125310"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184565670","https://openalex.org/I2799903593"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.3597,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":86,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97876844,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"21","first_page":"4039","last_page":"4045"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10519","display_name":"Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications","score":0.7185999751091003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10519","display_name":"Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications","score":0.7185999751091003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.06440000236034393,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12867","display_name":"Advanced Biosensing Techniques and Applications","score":0.0340999998152256,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6700212955474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.6615046262741089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomarker","display_name":"Biomarker","score":0.6395953893661499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6148092150688171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.5600094795227051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.514365553855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5045198202133179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.4971456825733185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matlab","display_name":"MATLAB","score":0.48152002692222595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4660056531429291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomarker-discovery","display_name":"Biomarker discovery","score":0.4530094563961029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.4393622875213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.37345755100250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.35591065883636475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32363826036453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.17027127742767334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proteomics","display_name":"Proteomics","score":0.14042407274246216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.10386231541633606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemistry","display_name":"Biochemistry","score":0.07416453957557678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6700212955474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.6615046262741089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864574","display_name":"Biomarker","level":2,"score":0.6395953893661499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6148092150688171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.5600094795227051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.514365553855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5045198202133179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4971456825733185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169478","display_name":"MATLAB","level":2,"score":0.48152002692222595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4660056531429291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124535831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4915074","display_name":"Biomarker discovery","level":4,"score":0.4530094563961029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.4393622875213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37345755100250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.35591065883636475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32363826036453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.17027127742767334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46111723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471857","display_name":"Proteomics","level":3,"score":0.14042407274246216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.10386231541633606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.07416453957557678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001774","descriptor_name":"Blood Chemical Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001774","descriptor_name":"Blood Chemical Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001774","descriptor_name":"Blood Chemical Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009363","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009363","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009363","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010449","descriptor_name":"Peptide Mapping","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010449","descriptor_name":"Peptide Mapping","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010449","descriptor_name":"Peptide Mapping","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014408","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers, Tumor","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014408","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers, Tumor","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014408","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers, Tumor","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019032","descriptor_name":"Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019032","descriptor_name":"Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019032","descriptor_name":"Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bti670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bti670","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/21/21/4039/611320/bti670.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188263","display_name":"Computer applications in the biosciences","issn_l":"0266-7061","issn":["0266-7061","1460-2059"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16159919","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16159919","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.cedarville.edu:pharmaceutical_sciences_publications-1412","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/pharmaceutical_sciences_publications/418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196552","display_name":"DigitalCommons-Cedarville (Cedarville University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169138485","host_organization_name":"Cedarville University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169138485"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.108.1135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.108.1135","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/21/21/4039.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bti670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bti670","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/21/21/4039/611320/bti670.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188263","display_name":"Computer applications in the biosciences","issn_l":"0266-7061","issn":["0266-7061","1460-2059"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84108305","https://openalex.org/W152243513","https://openalex.org/W186095526","https://openalex.org/W1537494447","https://openalex.org/W1549733517","https://openalex.org/W1964638171","https://openalex.org/W1990420052","https://openalex.org/W1998495520","https://openalex.org/W2027157112","https://openalex.org/W2028087310","https://openalex.org/W2051301080","https://openalex.org/W2084898926","https://openalex.org/W2101800482","https://openalex.org/W2109408008","https://openalex.org/W2112899213","https://openalex.org/W2119908867","https://openalex.org/W2120501961","https://openalex.org/W2122430069","https://openalex.org/W2123989476","https://openalex.org/W2134389439","https://openalex.org/W2138482047","https://openalex.org/W2139564441","https://openalex.org/W2154639585","https://openalex.org/W2161371306","https://openalex.org/W2167244585","https://openalex.org/W2172300860"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W112583468","https://openalex.org/W96119380","https://openalex.org/W3023706879","https://openalex.org/W2943300910","https://openalex.org/W4298030740","https://openalex.org/W2108949684","https://openalex.org/W4246773350","https://openalex.org/W1965976436","https://openalex.org/W2012655824","https://openalex.org/W4389571046"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"MOTIVATION:":[0],"Mass":[1],"spectrometric":[2],"profiles":[3,93],"of":[4,29,50,94],"peptides":[5],"and":[6,19,31,54],"proteins":[7,30],"obtained":[8],"by":[9,14],"current":[10],"technologies":[11],"are":[12,107],"characterized":[13],"complex":[15],"spectra,":[16],"high":[17,80],"dimensionality":[18],"substantial":[20],"noise.":[21],"These":[22],"characteristics":[23],"generate":[24],"challenges":[25],"in":[26,83,91,104],"the":[27,48,101,110],"discovery":[28],"protein-profiles":[32],"that":[33,59,78],"distinguish":[34],"disease":[35],"states,":[36],"e.g.":[37],"cancer":[38,86],"patients":[39,87],"from":[40,88,109],"healthy":[41,89],"individuals.":[42],"We":[43],"present":[44],"low-level":[45],"methods":[46,102],"for":[47,68],"processing":[49],"mass":[51,76],"spectral":[52],"data":[53],"a":[55],"machine":[56],"learning":[57],"method":[58,74],"combines":[60],"support":[61],"vector":[62],"machines,":[63],"with":[64],"particle":[65],"swarm":[66],"optimization":[67],"biomarker":[69],"selection.":[70],"RESULTS:":[71],"The":[72],"proposed":[73],"identified":[75],"points":[77],"achieved":[79],"prediction":[81],"accuracy":[82],"distinguishing":[84],"liver":[85],"individuals":[90],"SELDI-QqTOF":[92],"serum.":[95],"AVAILABILITY:":[96],"MATLAB":[97],"scripts":[98],"to":[99],"implement":[100],"described":[103],"this":[105],"paper":[106],"available":[108],"HWR's":[111],"lab":[112],"website":[113],"http://lombardi.georgetown.edu/labpage":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-16T07:32:37.131356","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
