{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2142320625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bti081","title":"Superior feature-set ranking for small samples using bolstered error estimation","display_name":"Superior feature-set ranking for small samples using bolstered error estimation","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2142320625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bti081","mag":"2142320625","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15514003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bti081","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bti081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028402481","display_name":"Chao Sima","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chao Sima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station, TX, USA","Dept. of Electrical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026990034","display_name":"Ulisses Braga-Neto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1210-2173"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ulisses Braga-Neto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112221423","display_name":"Edward R. Dougherty","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward R. Dougherty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028402481"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"],"apc_list":{"value":3989,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3989},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8288,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91023926,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"7","first_page":"1046","last_page":"1054"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.957099974155426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9506000280380249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.7703659534454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6745592355728149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6713167428970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5946213603019714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.5842419862747192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46263355016708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4541589021682739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4397718012332916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.39172446727752686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20460420846939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.04986703395843506}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.7703659534454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6745592355728149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6713167428970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5946213603019714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.5842419862747192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46263355016708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4541589021682739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4397718012332916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.39172446727752686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20460420846939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.04986703395843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005786","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005786","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005786","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009363","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009363","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009363","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014408","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers, Tumor","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014408","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers, Tumor","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014408","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers, Tumor","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015398","descriptor_name":"Signal Transduction","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015398","descriptor_name":"Signal Transduction","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015398","descriptor_name":"Signal Transduction","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020411","descriptor_name":"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020411","descriptor_name":"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020411","descriptor_name":"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bti081","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bti081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15514003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15514003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7916339495","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N01-CN-15102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7299809","https://openalex.org/W1564947197","https://openalex.org/W1974542028","https://openalex.org/W2002645541","https://openalex.org/W2026535637","https://openalex.org/W2040615655","https://openalex.org/W2078064739","https://openalex.org/W2107956883","https://openalex.org/W2110298216","https://openalex.org/W2113436583","https://openalex.org/W2116882627","https://openalex.org/W2117897510","https://openalex.org/W2125056473","https://openalex.org/W2125495986","https://openalex.org/W2128985829","https://openalex.org/W2146007051","https://openalex.org/W2148633389","https://openalex.org/W2160450758"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2188500270","https://openalex.org/W2303858293","https://openalex.org/W2915512527","https://openalex.org/W2798198862","https://openalex.org/W51364034","https://openalex.org/W2798997222","https://openalex.org/W2793336762","https://openalex.org/W2091548507","https://openalex.org/W2368816706","https://openalex.org/W4388321867"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Motivation:":[1],"Ranking":[2],"feature":[3,103,109,132,161,199],"sets":[4,104,110,133,162,200],"is":[5,21,40,148,154,172,177,189,201],"a":[6,44,207,224],"key":[7,170],"issue":[8,171],"for":[9,11,77,158,163,192],"classification,":[10],"instance,":[12],"phenotype":[13],"classification":[14,79,85,87,164],"based":[15,23],"on":[16,24,228],"gene":[17],"expression.":[18],"Since":[19],"ranking":[20,194,230],"often":[22],"error":[25,28,47,65,72,114,123,141,175],"estimation,":[26],"and":[27,70,86,116,134,152,184,188,217,223],"estimators":[29],"suffer":[30],"to":[31,42,150],"differing":[32],"degrees":[33],"of":[34,61,64,91,99,128,179,198,215,226],"imprecision":[35],"in":[36,233],"small-sample":[37],"settings,":[38],"it":[39],"important":[41],"choose":[43],"computationally":[45],"feasible":[46,191],"estimator":[48,115],"that":[49,146,173],"yields":[50],"good":[51],"feature-set":[52,193,229],"ranking.":[53],"Results:":[54],"This":[55],"paper":[56],"examines":[57],"the":[58,97,100,107,113,117,120,125,129,140,196,212,220,242],"feature-ranking":[59],"performance":[60,92],"several":[62],"kinds":[63],"estimators:":[66],"resubstitution,":[67],"cross-validation,":[68,157,187],"bootstrap":[69,153],"bolstered":[71,174],"estimation.":[73],"It":[74],"does":[75],"so":[76],"three":[78],"rules:":[80],"linear":[81],"discriminant":[82],"analysis,":[83],"three-nearest-neighbor":[84],"trees.":[88],"Two":[89],"measures":[90],"are":[93],"considered.":[94],"One":[95],"counts":[96],"number":[98,197],"truly":[101,130],"best":[102,108,131],"appearing":[105],"among":[106],"discovered":[111],"by":[112,139],"other":[118],"computes":[119],"mean":[121],"absolute":[122],"between":[124],"top":[126],"ranks":[127,136],"their":[135],"as":[137],"given":[138],"estimator.":[142],"Our":[143],"results":[144],"indicate":[145],"bolstering":[147],"superior":[149],"bootstrap,":[151,183],"better":[155],"than":[156,182,186],"discovering":[159],"top-performing":[160],"when":[165,195],"using":[166],"small":[167],"samples.":[168],"A":[169],"estimation":[176],"tens":[178],"times":[180],"faster":[181,185],"therefore":[190],"extremely":[202],"large.":[203],"Availability:":[204],"We":[205],"provide":[206],"companion":[208,236],"website,":[209],"which":[210],"contains":[211],"complete":[213],"set":[214],"tables":[216],"plots":[218],"regarding":[219],"simulation":[221],"study,":[222],"compilation":[225],"references":[227],"with":[231],"applications":[232],"Genomics.":[234],"The":[235],"website":[237],"can":[238],"be":[239],"accessed":[240],"at":[241],"URL":[243],"http://ee.tamu.edu/~edward/bolster_ranking":[244],"Contact:":[245],"edward@ee.tamu.edu":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}