{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2115358726","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bti033","title":"A comprehensive evaluation of multicategory classification methods for microarray gene expression cancer diagnosis","display_name":"A comprehensive evaluation of multicategory classification methods for microarray gene expression cancer diagnosis","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2115358726","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bti033","mag":"2115358726","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15374862"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bti033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bti033","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/21/5/631/48962354/bioinformatics_21_5_631.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/21/5/631/48962354/bioinformatics_21_5_631.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027728817","display_name":"Alexander Statnikov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Statnikov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA. alexander.statnikov@vanderbilt.edu","Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA. alexander.statnikov@vanderbilt.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113735333","display_name":"Constantin Aliferis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Constantin F. Aliferis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics and","Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics and","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070582381","display_name":"Ioannis Tsamardinos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2492-959X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioannis Tsamardinos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics and","Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics and","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066655505","display_name":"Douglas P. Hardin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0867-2146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas Hardin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","Department of Mathematics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034381224","display_name":"Shawn Levy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1369-5740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shawn Levy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics and","Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics and","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027728817"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"],"apc_list":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"apc_paid":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"fwci":15.6439,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":849,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9961919,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"5","first_page":"631","last_page":"643"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7524968981742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6977860927581787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6887843608856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6666703820228577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6628979444503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-selection","display_name":"Gene selection","score":0.4904424846172333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-validation","display_name":"Cross-validation","score":0.44679948687553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4290798604488373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microarray-analysis-techniques","display_name":"Microarray analysis techniques","score":0.34646075963974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.1015806496143341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-expression","display_name":"Gene expression","score":0.08093568682670593}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7524968981742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6977860927581787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6887843608856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6666703820228577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6628979444503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984324147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3080021","display_name":"Gene selection","level":5,"score":0.4904424846172333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27181475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541014","display_name":"Cross-validation","level":2,"score":0.44679948687553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4290798604488373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8415881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6839217","display_name":"Microarray analysis techniques","level":4,"score":0.34646075963974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.1015806496143341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.08093568682670593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005820","descriptor_name":"Genetic Testing","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005820","descriptor_name":"Genetic Testing","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005820","descriptor_name":"Genetic Testing","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009363","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009363","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009363","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009363","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009363","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009363","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014408","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers, Tumor","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014408","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers, Tumor","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014408","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers, Tumor","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020022","descriptor_name":"Genetic Predisposition to Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020022","descriptor_name":"Genetic Predisposition to Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020022","descriptor_name":"Genetic Predisposition to Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020411","descriptor_name":"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020411","descriptor_name":"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020411","descriptor_name":"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bti033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bti033","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/21/5/631/48962354/bioinformatics_21_5_631.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15374862","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15374862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bti033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bti033","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/21/5/631/48962354/bioinformatics_21_5_631.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8159916500","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 LM007948-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8658515623","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P20 LM 007613-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2115358726.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2115358726.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169610","https://openalex.org/W39255559","https://openalex.org/W129295467","https://openalex.org/W200409851","https://openalex.org/W1480376833","https://openalex.org/W1484011530","https://openalex.org/W1512098439","https://openalex.org/W1527532036","https://openalex.org/W1551136530","https://openalex.org/W1554944419","https://openalex.org/W1576520375","https://openalex.org/W1602492977","https://openalex.org/W1604938182","https://openalex.org/W1680392829","https://openalex.org/W1727290854","https://openalex.org/W1780185704","https://openalex.org/W1964168965","https://openalex.org/W1966701961","https://openalex.org/W1967646346","https://openalex.org/W1978744575","https://openalex.org/W1979382551","https://openalex.org/W1981276685","https://openalex.org/W1996647803","https://openalex.org/W2021799988","https://openalex.org/W2031779765","https://openalex.org/W2044734436","https://openalex.org/W2048537487","https://openalex.org/W2064208261","https://openalex.org/W2070534370","https://openalex.org/W2076021613","https://openalex.org/W2081557347","https://openalex.org/W2088851040","https://openalex.org/W2096763239","https://openalex.org/W2097413644","https://openalex.org/W2098475626","https://openalex.org/W2099841076","https://openalex.org/W2102734279","https://openalex.org/W2105494575","https://openalex.org/W2106671367","https://openalex.org/W2108728387","https://openalex.org/W2109363337","https://openalex.org/W2121273346","https://openalex.org/W2122128696","https://openalex.org/W2124704116","https://openalex.org/W2130951588","https://openalex.org/W2134407776","https://openalex.org/W2134429390","https://openalex.org/W2137476312","https://openalex.org/W2143426320","https://openalex.org/W2148138104","https://openalex.org/W2148603752","https://openalex.org/W2153104898","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2155236584","https://openalex.org/W2157239837","https://openalex.org/W2157531738","https://openalex.org/W2159400887","https://openalex.org/W2167191085","https://openalex.org/W2167277498","https://openalex.org/W2172000360","https://openalex.org/W2480518476","https://openalex.org/W2799061466","https://openalex.org/W2964020133","https://openalex.org/W3163638146","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4312326823"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2550904580","https://openalex.org/W1492428813","https://openalex.org/W2811180790","https://openalex.org/W4367625975","https://openalex.org/W2048917867","https://openalex.org/W2170304139","https://openalex.org/W4299306949","https://openalex.org/W4308011238","https://openalex.org/W2117489074","https://openalex.org/W2041756206"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"MOTIVATION:":[0],"Cancer":[1],"diagnosis":[2,122],"is":[3,227,251],"one":[4],"of":[5,12,58,72,179,194,204,240],"the":[6,52,55,114,143,176,195,202,228,241],"most":[7,115],"important":[8],"emerging":[9],"clinical":[10,43],"applications":[11,44],"gene":[13,60,80,124],"expression":[14,125],"microarray":[15,35],"technology.":[16],"We":[17],"are":[18,113],"seeking":[19],"to":[20,141,166,232],"develop":[21],"a":[22,39,67,167,205,236],"computer":[23],"system":[24,53,207,231,249],"for":[25,76,253,257],"powerful":[26],"and":[27,62,69,87,98,102,132,135,137,161,182,218,222,244],"reliable":[28],"cancer":[29,100,121],"diagnostic":[30,96],"model":[31,216],"creation":[32],"based":[33],"on":[34,42,47],"data.":[36,126],"To":[37,50],"keep":[38],"realistic":[40],"perspective":[41],"we":[45,65],"focus":[46],"multicategory":[48,77],"diagnosis.":[49],"equip":[51],"with":[54],"optimum":[56],"combination":[57],"classifier,":[59],"selection":[61,81,171],"cross-validation":[63,89],"methods,":[64,82],"performed":[66],"systematic":[68],"comprehensive":[70],"evaluation":[71],"several":[73,79],"major":[74],"algorithms":[75,243],"classification,":[78],"multiple":[83],"ensemble":[84],"classifier":[85],"methods":[86,145],"two":[88],"designs":[90],"using":[91],"11":[92],"datasets":[93],"spanning":[94],"74":[95],"categories":[97],"41":[99],"types":[101],"12":[103],"normal":[104],"tissue":[105],"types.":[106],"RESULTS:":[107],"Multicategory":[108],"support":[109],"vector":[110],"machines":[111],"(MC-SVMs)":[112],"effective":[116],"classifiers":[117,188],"in":[118,146],"performing":[119],"accurate":[120],"from":[123,255],"The":[127,247],"MC-SVM":[128],"techniques":[129,172],"by":[130,235],"Crammer":[131],"Singer,":[133],"Weston":[134],"Watkins":[136],"one-versus-rest":[138],"were":[139],"found":[140],"be":[142,233],"best":[144,196],"this":[147],"domain.":[148],"MC-SVMs":[149,181],"outperform":[150],"other":[151,183],"popular":[152],"machine":[153],"learning":[154,185],"algorithms,":[155],"such":[156,230],"as":[157],"k-nearest":[158],"neighbors,":[159],"backpropagation":[160],"probabilistic":[162],"neural":[163],"networks,":[164],"often":[165],"remarkable":[168],"degree.":[169],"Gene":[170],"can":[173],"significantly":[174],"improve":[175,192],"classification":[177],"performance":[178,193,223],"both":[180],"non-SVM":[184],"algorithms.":[186],"Ensemble":[187],"do":[189],"not":[190],"generally":[191],"non-ensemble":[197],"models.":[198],"These":[199],"results":[200],"guided":[201],"construction":[203,217],"software":[206,248],"GEMS":[208,250],"(Gene":[209],"Expression":[210],"Model":[211],"Selector)":[212],"that":[213],"automates":[214],"high-quality":[215],"enforces":[219],"sound":[220],"optimization":[221],"estimation":[224],"procedures.":[225],"This":[226],"first":[229],"informed":[234],"rigorous":[237],"comparative":[238],"analysis":[239],"available":[242,252],"datasets.":[245],"AVAILABILITY:":[246],"download":[254],"http://www.gems-system.org":[256],"non-commercial":[258],"use.":[259],"CONTACT:":[260],"alexander.statnikov@vanderbilt.edu.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":72}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
