{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2126563020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bth933","title":"The cell graphs of cancer","display_name":"The cell graphs of cancer","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-07-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2126563020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bth933","mag":"2126563020","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15262793"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bth933","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bth933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015438131","display_name":"Cigdem Gunduz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cigdem Gunduz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA. gunduz@cs.rpi.edu","Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, NY 12180, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA. gunduz@cs.rpi.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, NY 12180, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073676361","display_name":"B\u00fclent Yener","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3989-6097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B\u00fclent Yener","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, NY 12180, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, NY 12180, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057806366","display_name":"Sakir H. Gultekin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4717-0408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98704320","display_name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","ror":"https://ror.org/04a9tmd77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320796813","https://openalex.org/I98704320"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Humayun Gultekin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98704320"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015438131"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"],"apc_list":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9216,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":151,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90733699,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"suppl_1","first_page":"i145","last_page":"i151"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.44954344630241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clustering-coefficient","display_name":"Clustering coefficient","score":0.44090789556503296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closeness","display_name":"Closeness","score":0.4378906488418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41522926092147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.3781493306159973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3324388861656189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3307992219924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.321023553609848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.29328352212905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1800050139427185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.44954344630241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22047676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898680","display_name":"Clustering coefficient","level":3,"score":0.44090789556503296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779545769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135364","display_name":"Closeness","level":2,"score":0.4378906488418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41522926092147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.3781493306159973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3324388861656189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3307992219924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.321023553609848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29328352212905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1800050139427185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005910","descriptor_name":"Glioma","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005910","descriptor_name":"Glioma","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005910","descriptor_name":"Glioma","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005910","descriptor_name":"Glioma","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005910","descriptor_name":"Glioma","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005910","descriptor_name":"Glioma","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bth933","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bth933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15262793","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15262793","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.409.2854","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.409.2854","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~yener/PAPERS/gunduz_yener_gultekin.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.829.9164","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.829.9164","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/content/20/suppl_1/i145.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.96.8268","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.96.8268","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/20/suppl_1/i145.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W222503269","https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1568769222","https://openalex.org/W1573579329","https://openalex.org/W1671906456","https://openalex.org/W1862301608","https://openalex.org/W1976969221","https://openalex.org/W1977556410","https://openalex.org/W1983202741","https://openalex.org/W2002016471","https://openalex.org/W2015966765","https://openalex.org/W2048195900","https://openalex.org/W2052318766","https://openalex.org/W2054917257","https://openalex.org/W2061901927","https://openalex.org/W2088003984","https://openalex.org/W2089440068","https://openalex.org/W2105808107","https://openalex.org/W2108728387","https://openalex.org/W2109363337","https://openalex.org/W2112090702","https://openalex.org/W2128589733","https://openalex.org/W2130790725","https://openalex.org/W2136931666","https://openalex.org/W2143426320","https://openalex.org/W2175110005","https://openalex.org/W2611104316","https://openalex.org/W2769133055","https://openalex.org/W2921811239","https://openalex.org/W3103786587","https://openalex.org/W3122602071","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387497383","https://openalex.org/W3183948672","https://openalex.org/W3173606202","https://openalex.org/W3110381201","https://openalex.org/W2948807893","https://openalex.org/W2935909890","https://openalex.org/W2778153218","https://openalex.org/W2758277628","https://openalex.org/W1531601525","https://openalex.org/W2156910174"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,55],"report":[1],"a":[2,9,73,118],"novel,":[3],"proof-of-concept,":[4],"computational":[5],"method":[6],"that":[7,132,143],"models":[8],"type":[10],"of":[11,21,33,42,49,60,68,77,84,101,120,136,162,175,186,195],"brain":[12],"cancer":[13],"(glioma)":[14],"only":[15],"by":[16,188],"using":[17],"the":[18,25,40,43,47,50,53,78,89,93,98,102,106,133,147,151,156,167,193,196,199],"topological":[19],"properties":[20],"its":[22],"cells":[23,44,51,62,85,138,149,154,197],"in":[24,86],"tissue":[26,31,122,168,173,181,200],"image.":[27],"From":[28],"low-magnification":[29],"(80x)":[30],"images":[32],"384":[34,36],"x":[35],"pixels,":[37],"we":[38,96,130,170],"construct":[39],"graphs":[41,59],"based":[45],"on":[46],"locations":[48],"within":[52,198],"images.":[54],"generate":[56],"such":[57],"cell":[58,103],"1000-3000":[61],"(nodes)":[63],"with":[64,88,117,159,183],"2000-10,000":[65],"links,":[66],"each":[67,114],"which":[69],"is":[70],"calculated":[71],"as":[72],"decaying":[74],"exponential":[75],"function":[76],"Euclidean":[79],"distance":[80],"between":[81],"every":[82],"pair":[83],"accordance":[87],"Waxman":[90],"model.":[91],"At":[92,166],"cellular":[94,157],"level,":[95,169],"compute":[97],"graph":[99,141],"metrics":[100,142],"graphs,":[104],"including":[105],"degree,":[107],"clustering":[108],"coefficient,":[109],"eccentricity":[110],"and":[111,150,178],"closeness":[112],"for":[113,192],"cell.":[115],"Working":[116],"total":[119],"285":[121],"samples":[123,182],"surgically":[124],"removed":[125],"from":[126,146],"12":[127],"different":[128],"patients,":[129],"demonstrate":[131],"self-organizing":[134],"clusters":[135],"cancerous":[137],"exhibit":[139],"distinctive":[140],"distinguish":[144],"them":[145],"healthy":[148,177],"unhealthy":[152],"inflamed":[153,180],"at":[155,163],"level":[158],"an":[160,184],"accuracy":[161,185],"least":[164],"85%.":[165],"accomplish":[171],"correct":[172,190],"classifications":[174],"cancerous,":[176],"non-neoplastic":[179],"100%":[187],"requiring":[189],"classification":[191],"majority":[194],"sample.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-06-16T07:32:37.131356","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}