{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7167794778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btag504","title":"RLAnOxPeptide: an integrated framework combining transformer and reinforcement learning for efficient antioxidant peptide prediction and innovative design","display_name":"RLAnOxPeptide: an integrated framework combining transformer and reinforcement learning for efficient antioxidant peptide prediction and innovative design","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7167794778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btag504","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42421200"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btag504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btag504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btag504","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112744007","display_name":"Changsheng Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173759888","display_name":"Hunan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/053w1zy07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130607311","display_name":"Changsha Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sqk3z62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130607311"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changsheng Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","Peptide and Small Molecule Drug R&D platform, Furong Laboratory, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888","https://openalex.org/I3130607311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peptide and Small Molecule Drug R&D platform, Furong Laboratory, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039699056","display_name":"Jianda Yue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173759888","display_name":"Hunan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/053w1zy07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130607311","display_name":"Changsha Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sqk3z62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130607311"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianda Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","Peptide and Small Molecule Drug R&D platform, Furong Laboratory, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888","https://openalex.org/I3130607311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peptide and Small Molecule Drug R&D platform, Furong Laboratory, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028849084","display_name":"Y X Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173759888","display_name":"Hunan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/053w1zy07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130607311","display_name":"Changsha Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sqk3z62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130607311"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaqi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","Peptide and Small Molecule Drug R&D platform, Furong Laboratory, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888","https://openalex.org/I3130607311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peptide and Small Molecule Drug R&D platform, Furong Laboratory, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101540948","display_name":"Huanyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1881-3969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173759888","display_name":"Hunan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/053w1zy07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130607311","display_name":"Changsha Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sqk3z62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130607311"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huanyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","Peptide and Small Molecule Drug R&D platform, Furong Laboratory, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888","https://openalex.org/I3130607311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peptide and Small Molecule Drug R&D platform, Furong Laboratory, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084457721","display_name":"Hua Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4090-113X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173759888","display_name":"Hunan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/053w1zy07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130607311","display_name":"Changsha Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sqk3z62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130607311"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","Peptide and Small Molecule Drug R&D platform, Furong Laboratory, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888","https://openalex.org/I3130607311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peptide and Small Molecule Drug R&D platform, Furong Laboratory, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140317301","display_name":"Zhenyu Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173759888","display_name":"Hunan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/053w1zy07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140379988","display_name":"Zhihan Qi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173759888","display_name":"Hunan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/053w1zy07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihan Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140312245","display_name":"Junbao Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173759888","display_name":"Hunan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/053w1zy07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junbao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140350304","display_name":"Zhonghua Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173759888","display_name":"Hunan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/053w1zy07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130607311","display_name":"Changsha Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sqk3z62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130607311"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhonghua Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","Peptide and Small Molecule Drug R&D platform, Furong Laboratory, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888","https://openalex.org/I3130607311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peptide and Small Molecule Drug R&D platform, Furong Laboratory, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100633632","display_name":"Yue Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0098-5359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173759888","display_name":"Hunan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/053w1zy07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130607311","display_name":"Changsha Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sqk3z62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130607311"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","Peptide and Small Molecule Drug R&D platform, Furong Laboratory, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4359-3753","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888","https://openalex.org/I3130607311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peptide and Small Molecule Drug R&D platform, Furong Laboratory, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"apc_paid":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75626912,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"7","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11561","display_name":"Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides","score":0.882099986076355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11561","display_name":"Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides","score":0.882099986076355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11103","display_name":"Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities","score":0.05660000070929527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.020400000736117363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7548999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.5142999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.492900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porting","display_name":"Porting","score":0.43630000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.3986999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.38940000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.3767000138759613}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7548999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6991000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5425000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5318999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.5142999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.492900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106251023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851989","display_name":"Porting","level":3,"score":0.43630000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3986999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.38940000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3767000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183696295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487696","display_name":"Biochemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.3102000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777655017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501161","display_name":"Toolbox","level":2,"score":0.3005000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76518257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271680","display_name":"Software framework","level":5,"score":0.2556999921798706}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098408","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098408","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098437","descriptor_name":"Prediction Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098437","descriptor_name":"Prediction Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000975","descriptor_name":"Antioxidants","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000975","descriptor_name":"Antioxidants","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000975","descriptor_name":"Antioxidants","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000975","descriptor_name":"Antioxidants","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010455","descriptor_name":"Peptides","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010455","descriptor_name":"Peptides","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010455","descriptor_name":"Peptides","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010455","descriptor_name":"Peptides","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btag504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btag504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42421200","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42421200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13401445","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13401445/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btag504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btag504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1048550002","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22473041","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1678468913","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024JJ2042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007482003","https://openalex.org/W2076456149","https://openalex.org/W2099476122","https://openalex.org/W2102461176","https://openalex.org/W2138216052","https://openalex.org/W2236579283","https://openalex.org/W2322900820","https://openalex.org/W2324200827","https://openalex.org/W2521743919","https://openalex.org/W2618877740","https://openalex.org/W2935405945","https://openalex.org/W2989775272","https://openalex.org/W3005468767","https://openalex.org/W3096912570","https://openalex.org/W3112842176","https://openalex.org/W3131190077","https://openalex.org/W3155106699","https://openalex.org/W3156669901","https://openalex.org/W3177500196","https://openalex.org/W3197075585","https://openalex.org/W3204834823","https://openalex.org/W4228998617","https://openalex.org/W4280645232","https://openalex.org/W4285493717","https://openalex.org/W4308335906","https://openalex.org/W4318263137","https://openalex.org/W4360955121","https://openalex.org/W4362657509","https://openalex.org/W4380681150","https://openalex.org/W4387930782","https://openalex.org/W4388821778","https://openalex.org/W4391425209","https://openalex.org/W4391540793","https://openalex.org/W4392389329","https://openalex.org/W4392912775","https://openalex.org/W4400894924","https://openalex.org/W4401943170","https://openalex.org/W4402282858","https://openalex.org/W4403193324","https://openalex.org/W4403432244","https://openalex.org/W4404438297","https://openalex.org/W4405104532","https://openalex.org/W4406138752","https://openalex.org/W4407596576","https://openalex.org/W4408993883","https://openalex.org/W4409137672","https://openalex.org/W4411088929","https://openalex.org/W4415793437"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"MOTIVATION:":[0],"Bioactive":[1],"peptides":[2,14,188],"exhibit":[3],"immense":[4],"potential":[5],"in":[6,22,106,164,240,266,272],"pharmaceutical":[7],"and":[8,32,46,53,83,93,118,132,168,192,233],"food":[9],"science":[10],"domains,":[11],"with":[12,143,230,274],"antioxidant":[13,217],"(AOPs)":[15],"garnering":[16],"significant":[17,195],"attention":[18],"for":[19,49,179,211],"their":[20],"roles":[21],"scavenging":[23,162],"free":[24],"radicals.":[25],"However,":[26],"traditional":[27],"discovery":[28,214],"methods":[29],"are":[30],"inefficient":[31],"costly.":[33],"This":[34],"study":[35],"introduces":[36],"RLAnOxPeptide,":[37],"an":[38,107],"integrated":[39],"computational":[40],"framework":[41,61,151,204,246],"that":[42],"merges":[43],"machine":[44],"learning":[45,48,113,120],"reinforcement":[47,119],"the":[50,70,100,137,150,172,175,202,213,226,258,263,275],"efficient":[51],"prediction":[52],"de":[54],"novo":[55],"design":[56],"of":[57,174,215,257],"AOPs.":[58],"RESULTS:":[59],"The":[60,96,220,244],"initially":[62],"establishes":[63],"a":[64,74,129,133,183,206,241],"high-precision":[65],"predictor,":[66],"RLP-T5Pred,":[67],"based":[68],"on":[69],"ProtT5":[71],"model":[72,231],"via":[73,285],"'protein-to-peptide'":[75],"knowledge":[76],"transfer":[77],"strategy.":[78],"By":[79],"employing":[80],"label":[81],"smoothing":[82],"logit":[84],"penalty":[85],"regularization,":[86],"it":[87],"achieves":[88],"state-of-the-art":[89],"accuracy":[90],"(AUC-ROC:":[91],"0.9692)":[92],"robust":[94],"calibration.":[95],"second":[97],"component":[98],"is":[99,104,249,282],"generator,":[101],"RLP-T5Gen,":[102],"which":[103],"trained":[105],"iterative":[108],"'Yin-Yang'":[109],"loop":[110],"combining":[111],"supervised":[112],"(to":[114,121],"maintain":[115],"sequence":[116],"syntax)":[117],"drive":[122],"innovation).":[123],"Guided":[124],"by":[125,152],"RLP-T5Pred":[126],"serving":[127],"as":[128],"fixed":[130],"evaluator":[131],"multi-objective":[134],"reward":[135],"function,":[136],"generator":[138],"efficiently":[139],"designs":[140],"novel":[141,216],"AOPs":[142],"high":[144],"predicted":[145],"activity.":[146],"We":[147],"experimentally":[148,208],"validated":[149],"synthesizing":[153],"17":[154],"designed":[155],"peptides.":[156,218],"Most":[157],"candidates":[158,178],"demonstrated":[159],"potent":[160],"radical":[161],"abilities":[163],"chemical":[165],"assays":[166],"(DPPH":[167],"ABTS),":[169],"leading":[170],"to":[171,261],"selection":[173],"top":[176],"five":[177],"cellular":[180],"validation.":[181],"In":[182],"t-BHP-induced":[184],"HepG2":[185],"cell":[186],"model,":[187],"Pep4,":[189],"Pep5,":[190],"Pep10,":[191],"Pep11":[193],"exhibited":[194],"protective":[196],"effects":[197],"against":[198],"oxidative":[199],"damage.":[200],"Consequently,":[201],"RLAnOxPeptide":[203,245],"provides":[205],"powerful,":[207],"verified":[209],"paradigm":[210],"accelerating":[212],"AVAILABILITY:":[219],"datasets":[221],"generated":[222],"and/or":[223],"analysed":[224],"during":[225],"current":[227],"study,":[228],"along":[229],"outputs":[232],"representative":[234],"peptide":[235],"sequences,":[236],"have":[237],"been":[238,270],"deposited":[239,271],"public":[242],"repository.":[243],"source":[247],"code":[248,259],"available":[250,284],"at":[251],"GitHub:":[252],"https://github.com/changshh/RLAnOxPeptide.":[253],"An":[254,278],"archival":[255],"snapshot":[256],"used":[260],"perform":[262],"experiments":[264],"described":[265],"this":[267],"manuscript":[268],"has":[269],"Zenodo":[273],"DOI:":[276],"10.5281/zenodo.20078425.":[277],"interactive":[279],"online":[280],"demonstration":[281],"also":[283],"Hugging":[286],"Face":[287],"Spaces:":[288],"https://huggingface.co/spaces/chshan/RLAnOxPeptide.":[289]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-07-10T00:00:00"}