{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412454107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf232","title":"Leveraging large language models to predict antibiotic resistance in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>","display_name":"Leveraging large language models to predict antibiotic resistance in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412454107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf232","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40662835"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf232","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/41/Supplement_1/i40/63745704/btaf232.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/41/Supplement_1/i40/63745704/btaf232.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5096292092","display_name":"Conrad Testagrose","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Conrad Testagrose","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023322143","display_name":"Sakshi Pandey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9966-2165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sakshi Pandey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047082475","display_name":"Mohammadali Serajian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8274-0121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammadali Serajian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004394877","display_name":"Simone Marini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5704-3533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800717037","display_name":"University of Florida Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04tk2gy88","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800717037"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simone Marini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32601,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5704-3533","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32601,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800717037","https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039419132","display_name":"Mattia Prosperi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9021-5595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800717037","display_name":"University of Florida Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04tk2gy88","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800717037"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mattia Prosperi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32601,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9021-5595","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32601,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800717037","https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021635660","display_name":"Christina Boucher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9509-9725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christina Boucher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"apc_paid":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"fwci":2.4857,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89002636,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"Supplement_1","first_page":"i40","last_page":"i48"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.8651999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.8651999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.02410000003874302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.015599999576807022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-resistance","display_name":"Antibiotic resistance","score":0.694412350654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycobacterium-tuberculosis","display_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","score":0.663142740726471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistance","display_name":"Resistance (ecology)","score":0.5671464204788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47214367985725403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis","display_name":"Tuberculosis","score":0.4363919496536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.38348639011383057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36194556951522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.32855212688446045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotics","display_name":"Antibiotics","score":0.32701167464256287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1968437135219574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.19072404503822327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94665300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63391344","display_name":"Antibiotic resistance","level":3,"score":0.694412350654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777975735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130971","display_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","level":3,"score":0.663142740726471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57473165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315604","display_name":"Resistance (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.5671464204788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47214367985725403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.4363919496536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38348639011383057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36194556951522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.32855212688446045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.32701167464256287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1968437135219574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.19072404503822327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098342","descriptor_name":"Large Language Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098342","descriptor_name":"Large Language Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098342","descriptor_name":"Large Language Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098342","descriptor_name":"Large Language Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098342","descriptor_name":"Large Language Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009154","descriptor_name":"Mutation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009154","descriptor_name":"Mutation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009154","descriptor_name":"Mutation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009154","descriptor_name":"Mutation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009154","descriptor_name":"Mutation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009169","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009169","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009169","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009169","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009169","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009169","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009169","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009169","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009169","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009169","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016680","descriptor_name":"Genome, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016680","descriptor_name":"Genome, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016680","descriptor_name":"Genome, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016680","descriptor_name":"Genome, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016680","descriptor_name":"Genome, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D024881","descriptor_name":"Drug Resistance, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D024881","descriptor_name":"Drug Resistance, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D024881","descriptor_name":"Drug Resistance, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D024881","descriptor_name":"Drug Resistance, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D024881","descriptor_name":"Drug Resistance, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf232","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/41/Supplement_1/i40/63745704/btaf232.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40662835","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40662835","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12261485","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12261485","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf232","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/41/Supplement_1/i40/63745704/btaf232.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2099009234","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01AI14180","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3306732231","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"INT-2013998","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312116","funder_display_name":"Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4098248802","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 AI141810","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312116","display_name":"Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412454107.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1596062789","https://openalex.org/W1964807436","https://openalex.org/W1972176917","https://openalex.org/W1973456026","https://openalex.org/W1982855075","https://openalex.org/W2004552934","https://openalex.org/W2096093282","https://openalex.org/W2097854076","https://openalex.org/W2103441770","https://openalex.org/W2106578986","https://openalex.org/W2112174138","https://openalex.org/W2119180969","https://openalex.org/W2150131459","https://openalex.org/W2158100429","https://openalex.org/W2164559367","https://openalex.org/W2164791362","https://openalex.org/W2470052926","https://openalex.org/W2547937482","https://openalex.org/W2578080472","https://openalex.org/W2739323458","https://openalex.org/W2767459647","https://openalex.org/W2789843538","https://openalex.org/W2889178232","https://openalex.org/W2902271181","https://openalex.org/W2952463453","https://openalex.org/W2963263347","https://openalex.org/W2990312921","https://openalex.org/W3009705041","https://openalex.org/W3046684646","https://openalex.org/W3048398081","https://openalex.org/W3184183819","https://openalex.org/W4291020280","https://openalex.org/W4293196852","https://openalex.org/W4300996741","https://openalex.org/W4388615774","https://openalex.org/W4394998532","https://openalex.org/W4400140833","https://openalex.org/W6677945423","https://openalex.org/W6842402754"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2972094210","https://openalex.org/W4308058527","https://openalex.org/W2110949356","https://openalex.org/W2955020749","https://openalex.org/W4210506554","https://openalex.org/W1538374398","https://openalex.org/W2050407936","https://openalex.org/W2042252940","https://openalex.org/W2411061500","https://openalex.org/W3160640465"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"MOTIVATION:":[0],"Antibiotic":[1],"resistance":[2,21,49,70,131,177,186],"in":[3,50,129,185],"Mycobacterium":[4],"tuberculosis":[5,209],"(MTB)":[6],"poses":[7],"a":[8,38,116,182],"significant":[9,190],"challenge":[10],"to":[11,46,77,83,106,125,132,148,150,203,207],"global":[12,205],"public":[13],"health.":[14],"Rapid":[15],"and":[16,26,57,67,80,99,175,188,196,210],"accurate":[17],"prediction":[18,187],"of":[19,30,95,102,119],"antibiotic":[20,48,107,211],"can":[22],"inform":[23],"treatment":[24,199],"strategies":[25],"mitigate":[27],"the":[28,93,100,204],"spread":[29],"resistant":[31],"strains.":[32],"In":[33],"this":[34],"study,":[35],"we":[36],"present":[37],"novel":[39,176],"approach":[40],"leveraging":[41],"large":[42],"language":[43,74],"models":[44],"(LLMs)":[45],"predict":[47],"MTB":[51,120],"(LLMTB).":[52],"Our":[53],"model":[54],"is":[55,219],"trained":[56],"evaluated":[58],"on":[59,158],"genomic":[60,97],"data":[61,160],"from":[62],"12":[63],"185":[64],"CRyPTIC":[65],"isolates":[66],"their":[68],"associated":[69],"profiles,":[71],"utilizing":[72],"natural":[73],"processing":[75],"techniques":[76],"capture":[78],"patterns":[79],"mutations":[81],"linked":[82],"resistance.":[84,108,212],"The":[85],"model's":[86,113],"architecture":[87],"integrates":[88],"state-of-the-art":[89],"transformer-based":[90],"LLMs,":[91],"enabling":[92],"analysis":[94],"complex":[96],"sequences":[98],"extraction":[101],"critical":[103,171],"features":[104],"relevant":[105],"RESULTS:":[109],"We":[110],"evaluate":[111],"our":[112],"performance":[114,128],"using":[115],"comprehensive":[117],"dataset":[118],"strains,":[121],"demonstrating":[122],"its":[123],"ability":[124],"achieve":[126],"high":[127],"predicting":[130],"various":[133],"antibiotics.":[134],"Unlike":[135],"traditional":[136],"machine":[137],"learning":[138,143],"methods,":[139],"fine-tuning":[140],"or":[141,152],"few-shot":[142],"opens":[144],"avenues":[145],"for":[146,192],"LLMs":[147],"adapt":[149],"new":[151],"emerging":[153],"drugs,":[154],"thereby":[155],"reducing":[156],"reliance":[157],"extensive":[159],"curation.":[161],"Beyond":[162],"predictive":[163],"accuracy,":[164],"LLMTB":[165],"uncovers":[166],"deeper":[167],"biological":[168],"insights,":[169],"identifying":[170],"genes,":[172],"intergenic":[173],"regions,":[174],"mechanisms.":[178],"This":[179],"method":[180],"marks":[181],"transformative":[183],"shift":[184],"offers":[189],"potential":[191],"enhancing":[193],"diagnostic":[194],"capabilities":[195],"guiding":[197],"personalized":[198],"plans,":[200],"ultimately":[201],"contributing":[202],"effort":[206],"combat":[208],"AVAILABILITY":[213],"AND":[214],"IMPLEMENTATION:":[215],"All":[216],"source":[217],"code":[218],"publicly":[220],"available":[221],"at":[222],"https://github.com/ctestagrose/LLMTB.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-07-16T00:00:00"}