{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407265653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf065","title":"ESPClust: unsupervised identification of modifiers for the effect size profile in omics association studies","display_name":"ESPClust: unsupervised identification of modifiers for the effect size profile in omics association studies","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407265653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf065","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39913362"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf065","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/41/2/btaf065/61778453/btaf065.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/41/2/btaf065/61778453/btaf065.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002151623","display_name":"Francisco J. P\u00e9rez\u2010Reche","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5663-5249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195460627","display_name":"University of Aberdeen","ror":"https://ror.org/016476m91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Francisco J P\u00e9rez-Reche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King\u2019s College London , London SE1 7EH,","School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen AB24 3UE,","Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK","School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Old Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, Aberdeen, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5663-5249","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King\u2019s College London , London SE1 7EH,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen AB24 3UE,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Old Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, Aberdeen, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015471815","display_name":"Nathan J. Cheetham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2259-1556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathan J Cheetham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King\u2019s College London , London SE1 7EH,","Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King\u2019s College London , London SE1 7EH,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012103026","display_name":"Ruth C. E. Bowyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6941-8160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125680101","display_name":"Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02x2mw849","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125680101"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128584","display_name":"The Alan Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/035dkdb55","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruth C E Bowyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King\u2019s College London , London SE1 7EH,","The Alan Turing Institute , British Library , London NW1 2DB,","Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK","The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King\u2019s College London , London SE1 7EH,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Alan Turing Institute , British Library , London NW1 2DB,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125680101"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000447564","display_name":"Ellen J. Thompson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2118-821X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","display_name":"University of Sussex","ror":"https://ror.org/00ayhx656","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ellen J Thompson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine, University of Sussex , Brighton BN1 9QH,","School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine, University of Sussex , Brighton BN1 9QH,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049987083","display_name":"Francesca Tettamanzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2089-6428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesca Tettamanzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King\u2019s College London , London SE1 7EH,","Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King\u2019s College London , London SE1 7EH,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079619000","display_name":"Cristina Menni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9790-0571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristina Menni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King\u2019s College London , London SE1 7EH,","Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9790-0571","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King\u2019s College London , London SE1 7EH,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009232210","display_name":"Claire J. Steves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4910-0489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claire J Steves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King\u2019s College London , London SE1 7EH,","Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4910-0489","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King\u2019s College London , London SE1 7EH,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002151623"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753","https://openalex.org/I195460627"],"apc_list":{"value":3989,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3989},"apc_paid":{"value":3989,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3989},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01653861,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13283","display_name":"Mental Health Research Topics","score":0.21629999577999115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13283","display_name":"Mental Health Research Topics","score":0.21629999577999115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14393","display_name":"Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging","score":0.2092999964952469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.17550000548362732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.7596276998519897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariate","display_name":"Covariate","score":0.7031775712966919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/univariate","display_name":"Univariate","score":0.6140968203544617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/omics","display_name":"Omics","score":0.6008353233337402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5709877014160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5684043169021606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/r-package","display_name":"R package","score":0.5144014954566956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.41601473093032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3864757716655731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.37381935119628906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.35828423500061035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics","display_name":"Bioinformatics","score":0.30841702222824097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.29679039120674133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.24599507451057434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.08478879928588867}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.7596276998519897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119043178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320723","display_name":"Covariate","level":2,"score":0.7031775712966919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199163554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1681619","display_name":"Univariate","level":3,"score":0.6140968203544617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157585117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158666","display_name":"Omics","level":2,"score":0.6008353233337402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5709877014160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5684043169021606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984074130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73539779","display_name":"R package","level":2,"score":0.5144014954566956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.41601473093032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3864757716655731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.37381935119628906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.35828423500061035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.30841702222824097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.29679039120674133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.24599507451057434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.08478879928588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007333","descriptor_name":"Insulin Resistance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007333","descriptor_name":"Insulin Resistance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007333","descriptor_name":"Insulin Resistance","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007333","descriptor_name":"Insulin Resistance","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D023281","descriptor_name":"Genomics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D023281","descriptor_name":"Genomics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D023281","descriptor_name":"Genomics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D023281","descriptor_name":"Genomics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf065","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/41/2/btaf065/61778453/btaf065.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39913362","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39913362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk:openaire/827b6512-b2f5-431b-97ac-c001fcf6ef5b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/827b6512-b2f5-431b-97ac-c001fcf6ef5b","pdf_url":"https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/ws/files/376332004/btaf065.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400216","display_name":"Research Portal (King's College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","host_organization_name":"King's College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"P\u00e9rez-Reche, F J, Cheetham, N J, Bowyer, R C E, Thompson, E J, Tettamanzi, F, Menni, C & Steves, C J 2025, 'ESPClust : Unsupervised identification of modifiers for the effect size profile in omics association studies', BIOINFORMATICS, vol. 41, no. 2, btaf065. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf065","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11879214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11879214","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11879214/pdf/btaf065.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:air.unimi.it:2434/1211831","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2434/1211831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400516","display_name":"Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","host_organization_name":"University of Milan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aura.abdn.ac.uk:2164/25226","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2164/25226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400966","display_name":"Aberdeen University Research Archive (Aberdeen University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I195460627","host_organization_name":"University of Aberdeen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf065","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/41/2/btaf065/61778453/btaf065.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3518401960","display_name":"Using data to improve public health: COVID-19 secondment","funder_award_id":"MR/W021455/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8415457339","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"COVID-19","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407265653.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407265653.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W578092267","https://openalex.org/W1737180198","https://openalex.org/W1987971958","https://openalex.org/W1989568128","https://openalex.org/W1994861768","https://openalex.org/W2004549986","https://openalex.org/W2051224630","https://openalex.org/W2071949631","https://openalex.org/W2083501377","https://openalex.org/W2085487226","https://openalex.org/W2096192437","https://openalex.org/W2098690168","https://openalex.org/W2102732029","https://openalex.org/W2334426418","https://openalex.org/W2468194934","https://openalex.org/W2563720483","https://openalex.org/W2568869761","https://openalex.org/W2587991149","https://openalex.org/W2884682196","https://openalex.org/W2899158256","https://openalex.org/W2950542148","https://openalex.org/W2988932415","https://openalex.org/W3004305483","https://openalex.org/W3082024297","https://openalex.org/W3107083588","https://openalex.org/W3112932318","https://openalex.org/W3157851866","https://openalex.org/W3158175214","https://openalex.org/W3160752326","https://openalex.org/W3185610568","https://openalex.org/W3187000649","https://openalex.org/W3195285310","https://openalex.org/W4283725190","https://openalex.org/W4317638291","https://openalex.org/W4319072487","https://openalex.org/W6637416280","https://openalex.org/W6653073797"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1828158523","https://openalex.org/W2985746494","https://openalex.org/W4206042385","https://openalex.org/W2511384863","https://openalex.org/W2096089271","https://openalex.org/W2923628599","https://openalex.org/W2014100433","https://openalex.org/W2051519658","https://openalex.org/W2994787386","https://openalex.org/W2002304499"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"MOTIVATION:":[0],"High-throughput":[1],"omics":[2,60,157],"technologies":[3],"have":[4],"revolutionized":[5],"the":[6,52,66,76,91],"identification":[7],"of":[8,55,59,68,93],"associations":[9,56],"between":[10,57],"individual":[11],"traits":[12],"and":[13,62,105,113,159],"underlying":[14],"biological":[15],"characteristics,":[16],"but":[17],"still":[18],"use":[19],"'one":[20],"effect-size":[21],"fits":[22],"all'":[23],"approaches.":[24],"While":[25],"covariates":[26,49],"are":[27,140],"often":[28,35],"used,":[29],"their":[30],"potential":[31],"as":[32,184],"effect":[33,53,77,118,134],"modifiers":[34,136],"remains":[36],"unexplored.":[37],"RESULTS:":[38],"We":[39],"propose":[40],"ESPClust,":[41],"a":[42,151],"novel":[43],"unsupervised":[44],"method":[45,149],"designed":[46],"to":[47,70,81,100,115],"identify":[48,82],"that":[50,121,139],"modify":[51],"size":[54,78,119,135],"sets":[58],"variables":[61],"outcomes.":[63],"By":[64,126],"extending":[65],"concept":[67],"moderators":[69],"encompass":[71],"multiple":[72,130],"exposures,":[73,131],"ESPClust":[74,99,132,171],"analyses":[75,123],"profile":[79],"(ESP)":[80],"regions":[83],"in":[84,137],"covariate":[85],"space":[86],"with":[87,95],"different":[88],"ESP,":[89],"enabling":[90],"discovery":[92],"subpopulations":[94],"distinct":[96],"associations.":[97],"Applying":[98],"synthetic":[101],"data,":[102],"insulin":[103],"resistance":[104],"COVID-19":[106],"symptom":[107],"manifestation,":[108],"we":[109],"demonstrate":[110],"its":[111],"versatility":[112],"ability":[114],"uncover":[116],"nuanced":[117],"modifications":[120],"traditional":[122,144],"may":[124],"overlook.":[125],"integrating":[127],"information":[128],"from":[129],"identifies":[133],"datasets":[138],"too":[141],"small":[142],"for":[143,154,162],"univariate":[145],"stratified":[146],"analyses.":[147],"This":[148],"provides":[150],"robust":[152],"framework":[153],"understanding":[155],"complex":[156],"data":[158],"holds":[160],"promise":[161],"personalised":[163],"medicine.":[164],"AVAILABILITY":[165],"AND":[166],"IMPLEMENTATION:":[167],"The":[168],"source":[169],"code":[170],"is":[172],"available":[173],"at":[174],"https://github.com/fjpreche/ESPClust.git.":[175],"It":[176],"can":[177],"be":[178],"installed":[179],"via":[180],"Python":[181],"package":[182],"repositories":[183],"'pip":[185],"install":[186],"ESPClust==1.1.0'.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-27T14:10:00.468798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}