{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390778823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btad777","title":"Subset scanning for multi-trait analysis using GWAS summary statistics","display_name":"Subset scanning for multi-trait analysis using GWAS summary statistics","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390778823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btad777","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38191683"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btad777","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btad777","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/bioinformatics/btad777/55152235/btad777.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/bioinformatics/btad777/55152235/btad777.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068560372","display_name":"Rui Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7744-8781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047457510","display_name":"Evan Olawsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1948-0123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evan Olawsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026872292","display_name":"Edward McFowland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5249-7117"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward McFowland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technology and Operations Management, Harvard Business School, Harvard University , Boston, MA 02163, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology and Operations Management, Harvard Business School, Harvard University , Boston, MA 02163, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036861932","display_name":"Erin L. Marcotte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9630-9701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erin Marcotte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054442842","display_name":"Logan G. Spector","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2516-0222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Logan Spector","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028946462","display_name":"Tianzhong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0162-7740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tianzhong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States","Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0162-7740","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028946462"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"],"apc_list":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"apc_paid":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00458307,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.958899974822998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.958899974822998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.006599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10748","display_name":"Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.687279999256134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5058350563049316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genome-wide-association-study","display_name":"Genome-wide association study","score":0.5014452934265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trait","display_name":"Trait","score":0.4854345917701721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/summary-statistics","display_name":"Summary statistics","score":0.43932610750198364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.30425381660461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.15417179465293884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.08187183737754822}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.687279999256134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5058350563049316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106208931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1098876","display_name":"Genome-wide association study","level":5,"score":0.5014452934265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106934330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971873","display_name":"Trait","level":2,"score":0.4854345917701721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32792767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1370484","display_name":"Summary statistics","level":2,"score":0.43932610750198364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30425381660461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.15417179465293884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.08187183737754822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153209595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501128","display_name":"Single-nucleotide polymorphism","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000096442","descriptor_name":"Genetic Risk Score","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000096442","descriptor_name":"Genetic Risk Score","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000096442","descriptor_name":"Genetic Risk Score","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000096442","descriptor_name":"Genetic Risk Score","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000096442","descriptor_name":"Genetic Risk Score","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000096442","descriptor_name":"Genetic Risk Score","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btad777","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btad777","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/bioinformatics/btad777/55152235/btad777.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38191683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38191683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11087659","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11087659","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11087659/pdf/btad777.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btad777","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btad777","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/bioinformatics/btad777/55152235/btad777.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306156","display_name":"Children's Cancer Research Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/02wv5fj21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308906","display_name":"St. Baldrick's Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03h1gea69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309636","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/03grvy078"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390778823.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1795113477","https://openalex.org/W1844405070","https://openalex.org/W1964373656","https://openalex.org/W1982636457","https://openalex.org/W2006776184","https://openalex.org/W2022815972","https://openalex.org/W2027867013","https://openalex.org/W2040120822","https://openalex.org/W2082704080","https://openalex.org/W2104549677","https://openalex.org/W2113105800","https://openalex.org/W2123659014","https://openalex.org/W2146022760","https://openalex.org/W2152603994","https://openalex.org/W2170802627","https://openalex.org/W2188333210","https://openalex.org/W2342621145","https://openalex.org/W2727414201","https://openalex.org/W2763645739","https://openalex.org/W2769008348","https://openalex.org/W2770598799","https://openalex.org/W2803332630","https://openalex.org/W2805983714","https://openalex.org/W2887872442","https://openalex.org/W2895486342","https://openalex.org/W2897181378","https://openalex.org/W2974693528","https://openalex.org/W3028329270","https://openalex.org/W3037487010","https://openalex.org/W3044043623","https://openalex.org/W3090291789","https://openalex.org/W3100205963","https://openalex.org/W3159698273","https://openalex.org/W3165386849","https://openalex.org/W3195050780","https://openalex.org/W4225726323","https://openalex.org/W4225768109","https://openalex.org/W4281690996","https://openalex.org/W4320486870","https://openalex.org/W4361199852","https://openalex.org/W6681425521","https://openalex.org/W6780842891"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046260256","https://openalex.org/W1969865489","https://openalex.org/W4313323870","https://openalex.org/W4240106746","https://openalex.org/W4230369419","https://openalex.org/W2991725409","https://openalex.org/W2010875215","https://openalex.org/W2954772049","https://openalex.org/W1971018524","https://openalex.org/W3214045955"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"MOTIVATION:":[0],"Multi-trait":[1],"analysis":[2,19,156,175],"has":[3],"been":[4],"shown":[5],"to":[6,77,132,183],"have":[7],"greater":[8],"statistical":[9,33],"power":[10,34,118],"than":[11],"single-trait":[12],"analysis.":[13],"Most":[14],"of":[15,27,73,115,163,169],"the":[16,81,88,167],"existing":[17,111],"multi-trait":[18,174],"methods":[20,112],"only":[21],"work":[22],"with":[23,51,137,144,188],"a":[24,57,68,140,158,189],"limited":[25],"number":[26,72],"traits":[28,50,66,74,135,151,161],"and":[29,49,59,79,87,106,119,185,193],"usually":[30],"prioritize":[31],"high":[32],"over":[35],"identifying":[36],"relevant":[37],"traits,":[38],"which":[39],"heavily":[40],"rely":[41],"on":[42],"domain":[43],"knowledge.":[44],"RESULTS:":[45],"To":[46],"handle":[47,93],"diseases":[48],"obscure":[52],"etiology,":[53],"we":[54],"developed":[55],"TraitScan,":[56],"powerful":[58],"fast":[60],"algorithm":[61,202],"that":[62,108],"identifies":[63],"potential":[64],"pleiotropic":[65],"from":[67],"moderate":[69],"or":[70,96,126],"large":[71],"(e.g.":[75],"dozens":[76],"thousands)":[78],"tests":[80],"association":[82,187],"between":[83],"one":[84],"genetic":[85],"variant":[86],"selected":[89],"traits.":[90],"TraitScan":[91,102,170,182],"can":[92],"either":[94],"individual-level":[95],"summary-level":[97],"GWAS":[98],"data.":[99],"We":[100,128,179],"evaluated":[101],"using":[103],"extensive":[104],"simulations":[105],"found":[107],"it":[109,131],"outperformed":[110],"in":[113,147,152,205],"terms":[114],"both":[116],"testing":[117],"trait":[120],"selection":[121],"when":[122],"sparsity":[123],"was":[124],"low":[125],"modest.":[127],"then":[129],"applied":[130],"search":[133,184],"for":[134,171],"associated":[136],"Ewing":[138],"Sarcoma,":[139],"rare":[141],"bone":[142],"tumor":[143],"peak":[145],"onset":[146],"adolescence,":[148],"among":[149],"754":[150],"UK":[153],"Biobank.":[154],"Our":[155,201],"revealed":[157],"few":[159],"promising":[160],"worthy":[162],"further":[164],"investigation,":[165],"highlighting":[166],"use":[168],"more":[172],"effective":[173],"as":[176],"biobanks":[177],"emerge.":[178],"also":[180],"extended":[181],"test":[186],"polygenic":[190],"risk":[191],"score":[192],"genetically":[194],"imputed":[195],"gene":[196],"expression.":[197],"AVAILABILITY":[198],"AND":[199],"IMPLEMENTATION:":[200],"is":[203],"implemented":[204],"an":[206],"R":[207],"package":[208],"\"TraitScan\"":[209],"available":[210],"at":[211],"https://github.com/RuiCao34/TraitScan.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-23T13:55:30.953635","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}