{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4286560871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btac532","title":"An improved residual network using deep fusion for identifying RNA 5-methylcytosine sites","display_name":"An improved residual network using deep fusion for identifying RNA 5-methylcytosine sites","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4286560871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btac532","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35866985"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btac532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btac532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101566422","display_name":"Xinjie Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2613-8270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinjie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xidian University , Xi\u2019an 710071, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xidian University , Xi\u2019an 710071, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100413412","display_name":"Shengli Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8786-0940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shengli Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xidian University , Xi\u2019an 710071, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8786-0940","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xidian University , Xi\u2019an 710071, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091654776","display_name":"Hongyan Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2789-9779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyan Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xidian University , Xi\u2019an 710071, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xidian University , Xi\u2019an 710071, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100413412"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5109,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82317934,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"18","first_page":"4271","last_page":"4277"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10521","display_name":"RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11482","display_name":"RNA modifications and cancer","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6282545924186707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rna","display_name":"RNA","score":0.6071630716323853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5549811720848083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.549515962600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5299766063690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.4992973804473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/5-methylcytosine","display_name":"5-Methylcytosine","score":0.49312540888786316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.4576839506626129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.340877890586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.31370633840560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.21422260999679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemistry","display_name":"Biochemistry","score":0.15257695317268372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.13629150390625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6282545924186707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67705224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11053","display_name":"RNA","level":3,"score":0.6071630716323853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5549811720848083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.549515962600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5299766063690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.4992973804473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775926025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q238563","display_name":"5-Methylcytosine","level":5,"score":0.49312540888786316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.4576839506626129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.340877890586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.31370633840560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.21422260999679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.15257695317268372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.13629150390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190727270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874745","display_name":"DNA methylation","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001483","descriptor_name":"Base Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001483","descriptor_name":"Base Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001483","descriptor_name":"Base Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009711","descriptor_name":"Nucleotides","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009711","descriptor_name":"Nucleotides","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009711","descriptor_name":"Nucleotides","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012313","descriptor_name":"RNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012313","descriptor_name":"RNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012313","descriptor_name":"RNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044503","descriptor_name":"5-Methylcytosine","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044503","descriptor_name":"5-Methylcytosine","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044503","descriptor_name":"5-Methylcytosine","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btac532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btac532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35866985","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35866985","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1692094660","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12101480","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3015008552","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JB210715","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1186776093","https://openalex.org/W1532644721","https://openalex.org/W1935366897","https://openalex.org/W1963766165","https://openalex.org/W1970826620","https://openalex.org/W1979273476","https://openalex.org/W2051713039","https://openalex.org/W2060902122","https://openalex.org/W2067022150","https://openalex.org/W2081943791","https://openalex.org/W2085398950","https://openalex.org/W2113368761","https://openalex.org/W2114172458","https://openalex.org/W2127544153","https://openalex.org/W2141818629","https://openalex.org/W2143801120","https://openalex.org/W2604822050","https://openalex.org/W2606518593","https://openalex.org/W2758059175","https://openalex.org/W2762279748","https://openalex.org/W2765651856","https://openalex.org/W2801398392","https://openalex.org/W2806146459","https://openalex.org/W2808191239","https://openalex.org/W2891420113","https://openalex.org/W2893050222","https://openalex.org/W2905629607","https://openalex.org/W2914645084","https://openalex.org/W2937997287","https://openalex.org/W2946682182","https://openalex.org/W2951748044","https://openalex.org/W2951765074","https://openalex.org/W2979937512","https://openalex.org/W3005454931","https://openalex.org/W3035761298","https://openalex.org/W3039032764","https://openalex.org/W3043299403","https://openalex.org/W3048429615","https://openalex.org/W3095636085","https://openalex.org/W3132963234","https://openalex.org/W3160752125","https://openalex.org/W3176414070","https://openalex.org/W3185245858","https://openalex.org/W3211325389","https://openalex.org/W4206358548","https://openalex.org/W6739531199","https://openalex.org/W6782065725"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366107444","https://openalex.org/W4388145910","https://openalex.org/W2381570729","https://openalex.org/W1976205134","https://openalex.org/W4248336175","https://openalex.org/W2031260042","https://openalex.org/W2391445434","https://openalex.org/W3009369890","https://openalex.org/W3189610884","https://openalex.org/W4312490297"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"MOTIVATION:":[0],"5-Methylcytosine":[1],"(m5C)":[2],"is":[3,14,50,79,238],"a":[4,96,103,144,239],"crucial":[5],"post-transcriptional":[6],"modification.":[7],"With":[8],"the":[9,66,71,83,118,155,183,189,206,209,215,224,248,263],"development":[10],"of":[11,33,40,75,147,158,164,208,231,251],"technology,":[12],"it":[13,78],"widely":[15],"found":[16],"in":[17,30],"various":[18,31],"RNAs.":[19],"Numerous":[20],"studies":[21,245],"have":[22],"indicated":[23],"that":[24,214],"m5C":[25,67,100],"plays":[26],"an":[27,108],"essential":[28],"role":[29],"activities":[32],"organisms,":[34],"such":[35],"as":[36],"tRNA":[37],"recognition,":[38],"stabilization":[39],"RNA":[41,43,119,159],"structure,":[42],"metabolism":[44],"and":[45,52,132,134,139,150,174,177,198,221,227,234,246,259],"so":[46],"on.":[47],"Traditional":[48],"identification":[49],"costly":[51],"time-consuming":[53],"by":[54],"wet":[55],"biological":[56],"experiments.":[57],"Therefore,":[58],"computational":[59],"models":[60],"are":[61,115,166,186,202,265],"commonly":[62],"used":[63,203],"to":[64,70,81,98,204,243,262],"identify":[65,99],"sites.":[68],"Due":[69],"vast":[72],"computing":[73],"advantages":[74],"deep":[76,87,104],"learning,":[77],"feasible":[80],"construct":[82,95],"predictive":[84],"model":[85,97],"through":[86],"learning":[88],"algorithms.":[89],"RESULTS:":[90],"In":[91],"this":[92],"study,":[93],"we":[94],"based":[101],"on":[102,223],"fusion":[105],"approach":[106],"with":[107,168],"improved":[109,190],"residual":[110,191],"network.":[111],"First,":[112],"sequence":[113],"features":[114,170,185],"extracted":[116],"from":[117,143,154],"sequences":[120],"using":[121,171],"Kmer,":[122],"K-tuple":[123],"nucleotide":[124],"frequency":[125],"component":[126],"(KNFC),":[127],"Pseudo":[128],"dinucleotide":[129],"composition":[130],"(PseDNC)":[131],"Physical":[133],"chemical":[135],"property":[136],"(PCP).":[137],"Kmer":[138],"KNFC":[140],"extract":[141,152],"information":[142,153,165],"statistical":[145],"point":[146],"view.":[148],"PseDNC":[149],"PCP":[151],"physicochemical":[156],"properties":[157],"sequences.":[160],"Then,":[161],"two":[162],"parts":[163],"fused":[167,184],"new":[169],"bidirectional":[172],"long-":[173],"short-term":[175],"memory":[176],"attention":[178],"mechanisms,":[179],"respectively.":[180,236],"Immediately":[181],"after,":[182],"fed":[187],"into":[188],"network":[192],"for":[193],"classification.":[194],"Finally,":[195],"10-fold":[196],"cross-validation":[197],"independent":[199,228],"set":[200],"testing":[201],"verify":[205],"credibility":[207],"model.":[210,253],"The":[211,257],"results":[212],"show":[213],"accuracy":[216],"reaches":[217],"91.87%,":[218],"95.55%,":[219],"92.27%":[220],"95.60%":[222],"training":[225],"sets":[226,230],"test":[229],"Arabidopsis":[232],"thaliana":[233],"M.musculus,":[235],"This":[237],"considerable":[240],"improvement":[241],"compared":[242],"previous":[244],"demonstrates":[247],"robust":[249],"performance":[250],"our":[252],"AVAILABILITY":[254],"AND":[255],"IMPLEMENTATION:":[256],"data":[258],"code":[260],"related":[261],"study":[264],"available":[266],"at":[267],"https://github.com/alivelxj/m5c-DFRESG.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
