{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3203183413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btab670","title":"Explainable nucleus classification using Decision Tree Approximation of Learned Embeddings","display_name":"Explainable nucleus classification using Decision Tree Approximation of Learned Embeddings","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3203183413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btab670","mag":"3203183413","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34586355"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btab670","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btab670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10142876/pdf/btab670.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005053437","display_name":"Mohamed Amgad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7599-6162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Amgad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017947351","display_name":"Lamees A Atteya","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lamees A Atteya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Egyptian Ministry of Health , Cairo, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Egyptian Ministry of Health , Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020498387","display_name":"Hagar Hussein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5725-5492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137587","display_name":"Nasser Institute hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04xkx8s32","country_code":"EG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137587"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hagar Hussein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Nasser Institute for Research and Treatment , Cairo, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Nasser Institute for Research and Treatment , Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091757381","display_name":"Kareem Hosny Mohammed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kareem Hosny Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038134322","display_name":"Ehab Hafiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1551-4309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92039331","display_name":"Theodor Bilharz Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4dr544","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92039331"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehab Hafiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Laboratory Research, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute , Giza, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Research, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute , Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92039331"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008655833","display_name":"Maha AT Elsebaie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8953-4030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799932517","display_name":"John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County","ror":"https://ror.org/05626m728","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799932517"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maha A T Elsebaie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Cook County Hospital , Chicago, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Cook County Hospital , Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799932517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033769099","display_name":"Pooya Mobadersany","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9310-1983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pooya Mobadersany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047071732","display_name":"David Manthey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4580-8770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74786994","display_name":"Kitware (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02s2acn37","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74786994"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Manthey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kitware Inc. , Clifton Park, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kitware Inc. , Clifton Park, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74786994"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073937900","display_name":"David A. Gutman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1386-8701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David A Gutman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Emory University , Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Emory University , Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091389599","display_name":"Habiba Elfandy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0021-8731"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Habiba Elfandy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute , Cairo, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute , Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034820084","display_name":"Lee Cooper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3504-4965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lee A D Cooper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034820084"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"],"apc_list":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9595,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88774661,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"2","first_page":"513","last_page":"519"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9789000153541565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8357553482055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6387881636619568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6241899132728577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5472783446311951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5395258069038391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.5078383088111877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.46158745884895325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.4611208140850067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.45003175735473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.41146624088287354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32226723432540894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.11530327796936035}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8357553482055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6387881636619568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6241899132728577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5472783446311951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5395258069038391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.5078383088111877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.46158745884895325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.4611208140850067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.45003175735473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41146624088287354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32226723432540894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.11530327796936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002467","descriptor_name":"Cell Nucleus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002467","descriptor_name":"Cell Nucleus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002467","descriptor_name":"Cell Nucleus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002467","descriptor_name":"Cell Nucleus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002467","descriptor_name":"Cell Nucleus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002467","descriptor_name":"Cell Nucleus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003663","descriptor_name":"Decision Trees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003663","descriptor_name":"Decision Trees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003663","descriptor_name":"Decision Trees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003663","descriptor_name":"Decision Trees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003663","descriptor_name":"Decision Trees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003663","descriptor_name":"Decision Trees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btab670","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btab670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34586355","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34586355","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10142876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10142876","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10142876/pdf/btab670.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10142876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10142876","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10142876/pdf/btab670.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2307994159","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24CA19436201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G236724803","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24CA194362","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G629943218","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24CA19436201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6345853531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"unknown","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6387639565","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01CA220401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7114590923","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01CA220401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7994500759","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA194362","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3203183413.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W190927549","https://openalex.org/W1980283223","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2110243528","https://openalex.org/W2113933145","https://openalex.org/W2166581609","https://openalex.org/W2171033594","https://openalex.org/W2222512263","https://openalex.org/W2344654247","https://openalex.org/W2551624291","https://openalex.org/W2765468373","https://openalex.org/W2765774350","https://openalex.org/W2794616003","https://openalex.org/W2796409016","https://openalex.org/W2914874661","https://openalex.org/W2921500370","https://openalex.org/W2945976633","https://openalex.org/W2964756323","https://openalex.org/W2969278648","https://openalex.org/W2975107127","https://openalex.org/W3008782862","https://openalex.org/W3025630280","https://openalex.org/W3099287508","https://openalex.org/W3132191748","https://openalex.org/W3133782060","https://openalex.org/W3134751001","https://openalex.org/W4239584046","https://openalex.org/W6760886635"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389214306","https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W3166204570","https://openalex.org/W4235240664","https://openalex.org/W3121246613","https://openalex.org/W2965083567","https://openalex.org/W2132137594","https://openalex.org/W1838576100","https://openalex.org/W2095886385","https://openalex.org/W2889616422"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Supplementary":[0],"data":[1],"are":[2],"available":[3],"at":[4],"Bioinformatics":[5],"online.":[6]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}